ying of coffees in Brazil,
Mexico, and Central America.

1881--Steele & Price, Chicago, are the first to introduce all-paper
cans (made of strawboard) for coffee.

1881--C.S. Phillips, Brooklyn, is granted three patents in the
United States for aging and maturing coffee.

1881--The Emmericher Machinenfabrik und Eisengiesserei at Emmerich,
Germany, begins the manufacture of a closed globular roaster with a
gas-heater attachment.

1881--Jabez Burns is granted a United States patent on an improved
construction of his roaster, comprising a turn-over front head,
serving for both feeding and discharging.

1881--The Morgan brothers, Edgar H. and Charles, begin the
manufacture of household coffee mills, subsequently acquired (1885)
by the Arcade Manufacturing Co., Freeport, Ill.

1881--Francis B. Thurber, New York, publishes the second important
American work on coffee, _Coffee from Plantation to Cup_.

1881--Harvey Ricker, Brooklyn, introduces to the trade a "minute"
coffee pot and urn, known as the Boss, name subsequently changed to
Minute, and later improved and patented (1901) as the Half Minute
coffee pot--a filtration device employing a cotton sack with a
thick bottom.

1881--New York Coffee Exchange is incorporated.

1882--Chris. Abele, New York, is granted a atent in the United
States on an improvement on a coffee roaster, similar to the
original Burns machine (on which the 1864 patent had expired) known
as the Knickerbocker.

1882--The Hungerfords, father and son, bring out a coffee roaster,
similar to the first Burns machine, in competition with Chris.
Abele.

1882--A German patent is granted to Emil Newstadt, Berlin, on one
of the earliest coffee-extract-making machines.

1882--The first French coffee exchange, or terminal market, is
opened at Havre.

1882--New York Coffee Exchange begins business.

1883--The Burns Improved Sample Coffee Roaster is patented in the
United States by Jabez Burns.

1884--The Star coffee pot, later known as the Marion Harland, is
introduced to the trade.

1884--The Chicago Liquid Sack Co. introduces the first combination
paper and tin-end can for coffee in the United States.

1885--F.A. Cauchois introduces into the United States market an
improved porcelain-lin