trable complications of climbing plants,
powerfully rivet the attention of the observer. Lower down, in the
lighter forest soil, amidst numerous shrubs and climbers, the eye
delights to dwell on the manifold forms of the stately palm, on the
terebinthaceae, on the thickly-leaved balsam-yielding leguminosae, on
the luxuriant laurels, on the pandaneae or the large-leaved heliconias,
and on the solaneae, with their gigantic blossoms and thousands of
flowers. Descending still further, the flat lands of the forest assume
a dark and gloomy aspect. The massive foliage of trees overarches
stems which are the growth of centuries, and form a canopy almost
impervious to the light of day. On the slimy soil no small shrub
uprears its head, no flowering plant unfolds its blossom. The mighty
trees stand alone, and erect in rows, like gravestones in a
churchyard; and the child of darkness--the rapidly-shooting
mushroom--finds genial nurture on the warm humid earth.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 79: Bark-gatherers. The Peruvians call the bark
_cascarilla_, and they point out the distinctions of a great number of
species and varieties.]

[Footnote 80: From Cuzco, the ancient residence of the Incas. It was
discovered by the French chemists Corriol and Pelletier, in the
Cascarilla which is shipped in Arica; hence this alkaloid is also
called _Aricin_.]

[Footnote 81: The Indian name for this animal is _Chaque chinca_. The
black variety _Yana chinca_ is called by the Spaniards _Tigre_ or
_Yaguar_.]

[Footnote 82: _Rupicola peruviana_, Ch. Dum. The color of the female
is reddish brown, and she is named by the natives _Tunqui mulato_; the
male is called _Tunqui Colorado_. In some parts of the Montana the
_Cephalopterus ornatus_ is called _Yana Tunqui_. Thus, even the
Indians have observed the relationship of these birds, which, classed
according to our system of natural history, actually belong to one
family, the _Ampelidae_. Their affinity is indicated very correctly by
the Indian name.]

[Footnote 83: The Organistas of Peru, Brazil, and Guiana, &c.,
mentioned by so many travellers, all belong to the family of the
Troglodytinae, to the two genera, _Troglodytes_, Vieill, and
_Cyphorhinus_, Cab. The Peruvian Organista above alluded to, is the
_Troglodytes leucophrys_, Tsch. In Guiana it appears to be the
_Cyphorhinus carinatus_, Cab.]

[Footnote 84: _Xenops_, _Anabates_, _Dendrocolaptes_, and many other
kinds of _Capito_ and _Picus_.]

[