k and London, 1894.

[337] See Meckel, _supra_, p. 93; _cf._ Tiedemann,
_Zoologie_, p. 65, 1808. "Even as each individual
organism transforms itself, so the whole animal kingdom
is to be thought of as an organism in course of
metamorphosis." Also p. 73 of the same book.

[338] Chapters vii. and ix.

[339] On early evolution-theories see, in addition to
Osborn and Radl, J. Arthur Thomson, _The Science of
Life_, 1899, and the opening essay in _Darwin and Modern
Science_, Cambridge, 1909.

[340] _Phil. zool._, ed. Ch. Martins, vol. i., p. 75,
1873.

[341] Quotations in the text are from the 2nd Edit.
(Deshayes and Milne-Edwards), i., Paris, 1835.

[342] For instance, Lucretius:--

"Is tibi nunc animus quali sit corpore et unde
constiterit pergam rationem reddere dictis. Principio
esse aio persubtilem atque minutis perquam corporibus
factum constare."

--_De Rerum Natura_, iii., vv. 177-80.

[343] Contrast Treviranus--"In every living being there
exists a capability of an endless variety of
form-assumption; each possesses the power to adapt its
organisation to the changes of the outer world, and it
is this power, put into action by the change of the
universe, that has raised the simple zoophytes of the
primitive world to continually higher stages of
organisation, and has introduced a countless variety of
species into animate Nature." Quoted by Haeckel in
_History of Creation_, i., p. 93, 1876.

[344] There is no evidence that he was influenced by
Erasmus Darwin, who forestalled his evolution theory, and
was indeed more aware of its vitalistic implications. See
S. Butler, _Evolution, Old and New_, London, 1879, for an
excellent account of Erasmus Darwin.

[345] As did also Lyell in his _Principles of Geology_,
1830.

[346] K. E. von Baer, _Reden_, i., p. 37, Petrograd, 1864.

[347] Radl, _loc. cit._, i., p. 296.

[348] Reprinted in his _Reden_, i., 1864.

[349] See Huxley's criticism of it in a Royal Institution
lecture of 1851, republished in _Sci. Mem._, i., pp.
300-4. On its relation to Haeckel's biogenetic law, see
below, p. 255.

[350] _System der thierischen Morphologie_, p. 5, 1853.

[351] _Life and Letters of Charles Darwin_, ed. F. Darwin,
i., p. 82, 3rd ed., 1887.

[352] _The Foundations of the Ori