e"# (Berlin, 1875. Vol. i. of
"Wald- und Feldkulte"), 273.

92. Cf. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 303, and Reinach, i. 180.

93. _Archivio trad. pop._, vol. v. 238 f., 358 f.

94. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 274.

CHAPTER VIII.--ST. CLEMENT TO ST. THOMAS

1. Dyer, 423.

2. _Notes and Queries_, 1st Series, vol. viii. 618; Dyer, 425.

3. Brand, 222 f.

4. Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties," 97.

5. _Notes and Queries_, 3rd Series, vol. iv. 492; Dyer, 423.

6. Dyer, 425.

7. Brand, 222.

8. _Ibid._ 223.

9. _Notes and Queries_, 2nd Series, vol. v. 47; Dyer, 427.

10. Dyer, 426 f.

11. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 415.

12. #J. N. Raphael# in #"The Daily Express,"# Nov. 28, 1911.

13. Dyer, 430.

14. _Ibid._ 429.

15. Tille, "D. W.," 148.

16. #B. Thorpe, "Northern Mythology"# (London, 1852), iii. 143.

17. _Ibid._ iii. 144.

18. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 416 f. Cf. Grimm, iv. 1800.

19. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 417. Cf. Thorpe, iii. 145.

20. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 418.

21. Thorpe, iii. 145.

22. #F. S. Krauss, "Sitte und Brauch der Suedslaven"# (Vienna, 1885), 179.

23. #T. Stratilesco, "From Carpathian to Pindus: Pictures of Roumanian
Country Life"# (London, 1906), 189.

24. _Ibid._ 188 f.

25. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 416.

26. _Ibid._ 420 f.

27. _Ibid._ 425. |376|

28. #Thomas Naogeorgus, "The Popish Kingdome,"# Englyshed by Barnabe
Googe, 1570 (ed. by R. C. Hope, London, 1880), 44.

29. #G. F. Abbott, "Macedonian Folklore"# (Cambridge, 1903), 76.

30. #P. M. Hough, "Dutch Life in Town and Country"# (London, 1901), 96.

31. Cf. Frazer, "Golden Bough," iii. 90, and also the Epiphany
noise-makings described in the present volume.

32. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 426.

33. Hoermann, "Tiroler Volksleben," 218 f.

34. Tille, "D. W.," 30.

35. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 370.

36. Hamilton, 30. Cf. article on St. Nicholas by Professor Anichkof in
_Folk-Lore_, vol. v., 1894, 108 f.

37. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 428 f.

38. Tille, "D. W.," 35 f.; Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 430.

39. Hoermann, "Tiroler Volksleben," 209 f.

40. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 430.

41. Weinhold, 9.

42. Mannhardt, "Baumkultus," 326.

43. Weinhold, 9.

44. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 431 f.

45. Hoermann, "Tiroler Volksleben," 212 f.

46. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 433.

47. _Ibid._ 433.

48. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 369.

49. #W. S. Walsh, "Curiosities of Popular Customs"# (