02

Tomte Gubbe, 236

Tonquin, feast of the dead in, 195

Totemism, 175-8

Tours, Council of, 21, 101, 239

Towneley plays, 128, 134-7

Trees, sacred, 177-8, 254, 269-71;
flowering at Christmas, 268-9;
Christian symbols, 271-2

Trest, Epiphany at, 344

Trolls on Christmas Eve, 235-6

Troppau, Christmas Eve at, 232

Troubadours, 36

Tuebingen, cradle-rocking at, 111

Tuscany, Christmas log in, 256

Tutilo of St. Gall, 123

Twelfth Night. _See_ Epiphany

Twelve Days, declared a festal tide, 21, 239;
variously reckoned, 239;
supernatural visitors on, 239-47

Tylor, Dr. E. B., 191

Tynan, Katharine, 85

Tyrol, Midnight Mass in, 97;
the crib in, 107-8;
cradle-rocking in, 111;
Christmas drama in, 143;
"star-singing" in, 152;
All Souls in, 191-2, 194;
_Kloepfelnaechte_ in, 218;
St. Nicholas in, 220;
St. Lucia in, 223;
Christmas Eve in, 236, 346;
Berchta in, 243-4;
customs with fruit-trees in, 268;
Christmas pie in, 290, 345-6;
St. Stephen's Day in, 311-2;
St. John's Day in, 314;
Epiphany in, 337;
Carnival in, 349;
Purification candles in, 353

Ubeda, J. L. de, 65

Uist, South, "breast-strip" in, 328

United States, Santa Klaus in, 220;
New Year in, 323

Usedom, 201

Usener, H., 20, 107

Valdivielso, J. de, 65

Vampires, 215-6, 245-6

Vaughan, Henry, 81

Vega, Lope de, 149-50

Vegetation-cults, 177-8

Venetia, Martinmas in, 204, 207

Vessel-cup, 118

Villazopeque, 148-9

Vosges mountains, All Souls' Eve in, 191

Wales, Christmas carols in, 69;
_Plygain_ in, 99;
soul-cakes in, 193-4;
Hallowe'en in, 189, 196-8;
the "Mari Llwyd" in, 201;
"new water" carol in, 333-4;
Christmas football in, 349

Warnsdorf, St. Nicholas play at, 220

Wassail-bowl, 193, 285-6

Water, New Year, 332-4

Watts, Isaac, 83-4

Weather, ideas about, 203, 332

_Weihnacht_, origin of the name, 20

Werewolves, 246

Wesley, Charles, 84

Westermarck, Dr. E., 176

Westphalia, St. Thomas's Day in, 225

Whipping customs, 207-8, 315-7, 330

"Wild hunt," 239-40

Wine, Martinmas, 204;
St. John's and St. Stephen's, 314-5

"Wish hounds," 240

Wither, George, 83

Woden, 200, 206, 208, 231, 240

Women, their clothes worn by men at folk-festivals, 178, 301, 304;
unlucky at New Year, 324-5

Woolwich, St. Clement's and St. Catherine's Days at, 212

Worcester