shire. St. Clement's Day in, 212;
New Year in, 324

Wormesley, Holy Thorn at, 269

Wren, hunting of, 292-3

Wylie, Miss I. A. R., 263

"Yeth hounds," 240

York Minster, mistletoe at, 273;
Boy Bishop at, 307

York plays, 128, 131-3

Yorkshire, possible survival of the crib in, 118;
frumenty, ale posset, and Yule cakes in, 285;
"lucky bird" in, 325

Ypres, St. Martin at, 206

Yule, origin of the name, 25, 171-2

"Yule Boar," 288

Yule log, 180, 245, 251-8, 344, 354

Zacharias, Pope, 171

FOOTNOTES

[1] For an explanation of the small numerals in the text see Preface.

[Transcriber's Note: In this edition the numerals are enclosed in
{curly brackets}, so they will not be confused with footnotes.]

[2] "Christianity," as here used, will stand for the system of
orthodoxy which had been fixed in its main outlines when the
festival of Christmas took its rise. The relation of the orthodox
creed to historical fact need not concern us here, nor need we for
the purposes of this study attempt to distinguish between the
Christianity of Jesus and ecclesiastical accretions around his
teaching.

[3] Whether the Nativity had previously been celebrated at Rome on
January 6 is a matter of controversy; the affirmative view was
maintained by Usener in his monograph on Christmas,{6} the
negative by Monsignor Duchesne.{7} A very minute, cautious, and
balanced study of both arguments is to be found in Professor
Kirsopp Lake's article on Christmas in Hastings's "Encyclopaedia of
Religion and Ethics,"{8} and a short article was contributed by
the same writer to _The Guardian_, December 29, 1911. Professor
Lake, on the whole, inclines to Usener's view. The early history of
the festival is also treated by Father Cyril Martindale in "The
Catholic Encyclopaedia" (article "Christmas").

[4] Usener says 354, Duchesne 336.

[5] The eastern father, Epiphanius (fourth century), gives a strange
account of a heathen, or perhaps in reality a Gnostic, rite held at
Alexandria on the night of January 5-6. In the temple of Kore--the
Maiden--he tells us, worshippers spent the night in singing and
flute-playing, and at cock-crow brought up from a subterranean
sanctuary a wooden image seated naked on a litter. It had the sign
of the cross upon it in gold in fi