in the chair of anatomy. He
continued to lecture until 1805 and died at Padua in 1813. His works
include _Institutiones pathologicae_ (1772), _Institutiones physiologicae_
(1773) and _Icones anatomicae_ (1801-1813).

His brother, PETRONIO MARIA CALDANI (1735-1808), was professor of
mathematics at Bologna, and was described by J. le R. D'Alembert as the
"first geometer and algebraist of Italy."

CALDECOTT, RANDOLPH (1846-1886), English artist and illustrator, was born
at Chester on the 22nd of March 1846. From 1861 to 1872 he was a bank
clerk, first at Whitchurch in Shropshire, afterwards at Manchester; but
devoted all his spare time to the cultivation of a remarkable artistic
faculty. In 1872 he migrated to London, became a student at the Slade
School and finally adopted the artist's profession. He gained immediately a
wide reputation as a prolific and original illustrator, gifted with a
genial, humorous faculty, and he succeeded also, though in less degree, as
a painter and sculptor. His health gave way in 1876, and after prolonged
suffering he died in Florida on the 12th of February 1886. His chief book
illustrations are as follows:--_Old Christmas_ (1876) and _Bracebridge
Hall_ (1877), both by Washington Irving; _North Italian Folk_ (1877), by
Mrs Comyns Carr; _The Harz Mountains_ (1883); _Breton Folk_ (1879), by
Henry Blackburn; picture-books (_John Gilpin, The House that Jack Built_,
and other children's favourites) from 1878 onwards; _Some Aesop's Fables
with Modern Instances, &c._ (1883). He held a roving commission for the
_Graphic_, and was an occasional contributor to _Punch_. He was a member of
the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-colours.

See Henry Blackburn, _Randolph Caldecott, Personal Memoir of his Early
Life_ (London, 1886).

CALDER, SIR ROBERT, Bart. (1745-1818), British admiral, was born at Elgin,
in Scotland, on the 2nd of July 1745 (o.s.). He belonged to a very ancient
family of Morayshire, and was the second son of Sir Thomas Calder of
Muirton. He was educated at the grammar school of Elgin, and at the age of
fourteen entered the British navy as midshipman. In 1766 he was serving as
lieutenant of the "Essex," under Captain the Hon. George Faulkner, in the
West Indies. Promotion came slowly, and it was not till 1782 that he
attained the rank of post-captain. He acquitted himself honourably in the
various services to which he was called, but for a long time had no
opportunity [v.04 p.0984] of