0 years, but the power was
not exercised. The length of the canal is 9 m., and it saves vessels
sailing from the Clyde a distance of about 85 m. as compared with the
alternative route round the Mull of Kintyre. Its highest reach is 64 ft.
above sea level, and its locks, 15 in number, are 96 ft. long, by 24 ft.
wide, the depth of water being such as to admit vessels up to a draught of
91/2 ft. The revenue is over L6000 a year, and there is usually a small
credit balance which, as with the Caledonian Canal, must be applied to the
purposes of the undertaking.

CALENBERG, or KALENBERG, the name of a district, including the town of
Hanover, which was formerly part of the duchy of Brunswick. It received its
name from a castle near Schulenburg, and is traversed by the rivers Weser
and Leine, its area being about 1050 sq. m. The district was given to
various cadets of the ruling house of Brunswick, one of these being Ernest
Augustus, afterwards elector of Hanover, and the ancestor of the Hanoverian
kings of Great Britain and Ireland.

CALENDAR, so called from the Roman Calends or Kalends, a method of
distributing time into certain periods adapted to the purposes of civil
life, as hours, days, weeks, months, years, &c.

Of all the periods marked out by the motions of the celestial bodies, the
most conspicuous, and the most intimately connected with the affairs of
mankind, are the _solar day_, which is [v.04 p.0988] distinguished by the
diurnal revolution of the earth and the alternation of light and darkness,
and the _solar year_, which completes the circle of the seasons. But in the
early ages of the world, when mankind were chiefly engaged in rural
occupations, the phases of the moon must have been objects of great
attention and interest,--hence the _month_, and the practice adopted by
many nations of reckoning time by the motions of the moon, as well as the
still more general practice of combining lunar with solar periods. The
solar day, the solar year, and the lunar month, or lunation, may therefore
be called the _natural_ divisions of time. All others, as the hour, the
week, and the civil month, though of the most ancient and general use, are
only arbitrary and conventional.

_Day._--The subdivision of the day (_q.v._) into twenty-four parts, or
hours, has prevailed since the remotest ages, though different nations have
not agreed either with respect to the epoch of its commencement or the
manner of distributing the hour