pendent unit (i Sam. xxv., xxx. 14). Its seat was at Carmel,
and Abigail, the wife of the Calebite Nabal, was taken by David after her
husband's death. Not until later are the small divisions of the south
united under the name Judah, and this result is reflected in the
genealogies where the brothers Caleb and Jerahmeel are called "sons of
Hezron" (the name typifies nomadic life) and become descendants of JUDAH.

Similarly in Num. xiii. 6, xxxiv. 19 (post-exilic), Caleb becomes the
representative of the tribe of Judah, and also in _c_ (above) Caleb's
enterprise was later regarded as the work of the tribe with which it became
incorporated, _b_ and _d_ are explained in accordance with the aim of the
book to ascribe to the initiation or the achievements of one man the
conquest of the whole of Canaan (see JOSHUA). The mount or hill-country in
_b_ appears to be that which the Israelites unsuccessfully attempted to
take (Num. xiv. 41-45), but according to another old fragment Hormah was
the scene of a victory (Num. xxi. 1-3), and it seems probable that Caleb,
at least, was supposed to have pushed his way northward to Hebron. (See
JERAHMEEL, KENITES, SIMEON.)

The genealogical lists place the earliest seats of Caleb in the south of
Judah (1 Chron. ii. 42 sqq.; Hebron, Maon, &c.). Another list numbers the
more northerly towns of Kirjath-jearim, Bethlehem, &c., and adds the
"families of the scribes," and the Kenites (ii. 50 seq.). This second move
is characteristically expressed by the statements that Caleb's first wife
was Az[=u]bah ("abandoned," desert region)--Jer[=i][=o]th ("tent curtains")
appears to have been another--and that after the death of Hezron he united
with Ephrath (p. 24 Bethlehem). On the details in 1 Chron. ii., iv., see
further, J. Wellhausen, _De Gent. et Famil. Judaeorum_ (1869); S. Cook,
_Critical Notes on O.T. History, Index_, s.v.; E. Meyer, _Israeliten_, pp.
400 sqq.; and the commentaries on Chronicles (_q.v._).

(S. A. C.)

CALEDON (1) a town of the Cape Province, 81 m. by rail E.S.E. of Cape Town.
Pop. (1904) 3508. The town is 15 m. N. of the sea at Walker Bay and is
built on a spur of the Zwartberg, 800 ft. high. The streets are lined with
blue gums and oaks. From the early day of Dutch settlement at the Cape
Caledon has been noted for the curative value of its mineral springs, which
yield 150,000 gallons daily. There are seven springs, six with a natural
temperature of 120 deg. F., the seventh [v.0