in civilians
(e.g. notaries and students), had become in Italy chiefly the domestic
garment of the clergy, notably of superiors, parish priests, rectors,
certain regulars, priests of congregations, bishops, prelates and
cardinals. It was worn also by the Roman senators, and is still worn
by university professors. A black _zimarra_ lined with white, and
sometimes ornamented with a white binding and gold tassels, is worn by
the pope.

More analogous to the Anglican chimere in shape, though not in
significance, is the purple _mantelletum_ worn over the rochet by
bishops, and by others authorized to wear the episcopal insignia, in
presence of the pope or his legates. This symbolizes the temporary
suspension of the episcopal jurisdiction (symbolized by the rochet) so
long as the pope or his representative is present. Thus at the Curia
cardinals and prelates wear the _mantelletum_, while the pope wears
the _zimarra_, and the first act of the cardinal camerlengo after the
pope's death is to expose his rochet by laying aside the
_mantelletum_, the other cardinals following his example, as a symbol
that during the vacancy of the papacy the pope's jurisdiction is
vested in the Sacred College. On the analogy of the _mantelletum_
certain Anglican prelates, American and colonial, have from time to
time appeared in purple chimeres; which, as the Rev. N.F. Robinson
justly points out, is a most unhappy innovation, since it has no
historical justification, and its symbolism is rather unfortunate.

AUTHORITIES.--See the _Report_ of the sub-committee of Convocation on
the ornaments of the church and its ministers, p. 31 (London, 1908);
the Rev. N.F. Robinson, "The black chimere of Anglican Prelates: a
plea for its retention and proper use," in _Transactions of the St
Paul's Ecclesiological Soc._ vol. iv. pp. 181-220 (London, 1898);
Herbert Druitt, _Costume on Brasses_ (London, 1906); G. Moroni,
_Dizionario dell' erudizione storico-ecclesiastica_ (Venice, 1861),
vol. 103, s.v. "Zimarra": X. Barbier de Montault, _Traite pratique de
la construction, &c., des eglises_, ii. 538 (Paris, 1878). (W. A. P.)

CHIMESYAN (_Tsimshian_), a tribe of North American Indians, now some
3000 in number, living around the mouth of the Skeena river, British
Columbia, and on the islands near the coast. They are a powerfully built
people, who tattoo and wear labrets and rings in noses and