e spoon-beaked sturgeon of the Yangtsze and Hwang-ho is, however,
now separated, as _Psephurus_, from the closely allied American
_Polyodon_. Among insectivorous mammals the Chinese and Japanese
shrew-moles, respectively forming the genera _Uropsilus_ and
_Urotrichus_, are represented in America by _Neurotrichus_. The giant
salamander of the rivers of China and Japan and the Chinese mandarin
duck are by some included in the same genera as their American
representatives, while by others they are referred to genera apart.
Whichever view we take does not alter their close relationship. One
wapiti occurs on the Tibetan frontier, and others in Manchuria and
Amurland.

As regards mammals and birds, the largest number of generic and
specific types peculiar to China are met with in Sze-ch'uen. Foremost
among these is the great panda (_Aeluropus melanoleucus_),
representing a genus by itself, probably related to bears and to the
true panda (_Aelurus_), the latter of which has a local race in
Sze-ch'uen. Next come the snub-nosed monkeys (_Rhinopithecus_), of
which the typical species is a native of Sze-ch'uen, while a second is
found on the upper Mekong, and a third in the mountains of central
China. In the Insectivora the swimming-shrew (_Nectogale_) forms
another generic type peculiar to Sze-ch'uen, which is also the sole
habitat of the mole-like _Scaptochirus_, of _Uropsilus_, near akin to
the Japanese _Urotrichus_, of _Scaptonyx_, which connects the latter
with the moles (_Talpa_), and of _Neotetracus_, a relative of the
Malay rat-shrews (_Gymnura_). Here also may be mentioned the
raccoon-dog, forming the subgenus _Nyctereutes_, common to China and
Japan. The Himalayan black and the Malay bear have each a local race
in Sze-ch'uen, where the long-haired Fontanier's cat (_Felis tristis_)
and the Tibet cat (_F. scripta_) connect Indo-Malay species with the
American ocelots, while the bay cat (_F. temmincki_), a Malay type, is
represented by local forms in Sze-ch'uen and Fu-chow. The Amurland
leopard and Manchurian tiger likewise constitute local races of their
respective species.

Among ruminants, the Sze-ch'uen takin represents a genus (_Budorcas_)
found elsewhere in the Mishmi Hills and Bhutan, while serows
(_Nemorhaedus_) and gorals (_Urotragus_), allied to Himalayan and
Burmo-Malay types, abound. The Himalayan fauna is also represented by
a race of t