he Kashmir hangul deer. Of other deer, the original habitat
of Pere David's milu (_Elaphurus_), formerly kept in the Peking park,
is unknown. The sika group, which is peculiar to China, Japan and
Formosa, is represented by _Cervus hortulorum_ in Manchuria and the
smaller _C. manchuricus_ and _sika_ in that province and the Yangtsze
valley; while musk-deer (_Moschus_) abound in Kan-suh and Sze-ch'uen.
The small water-deer (_Hydropotes_ or _Hydrelaphus_) of the Yangtsze
valley represents a genus peculiar to the country, as do the three
species of tufted deer (_Elaphodus_), whose united range extends from
Sze-ch'uen to Ning-po and I-ch'ang. Muntjacs (_Cervulus_) are likewise
very characteristic of the country, to which the white-tailed,
plum-coloured species, like the Tenasserim _C. crinifrons_, are
peculiar. The occurrence of races of the wapiti in Manchuria and
Amurland has been already mentioned.

To refer in detail to the numerous forms of rodents inhabiting China
is impossible here, and it must suffice to mention that the
flying-squirrels (_Pteromys_) are represented by a large and handsome
species in Sze-ch'uen, where is also found the largest kind of
bamboo-rat (_Rhizomys_), the other species of which are natives of the
western Himalaya and the Malay countries. Dwarf hamsters of the genus
_Cricetulus_ are natives of the northern provinces. In the extreme
south, in Hai-nan, is found a gibbon ape (_Hylobates_), while langur
(_Semnopithecus_) and macaque monkeys (_Macacus_) likewise occur in
the south, one of the latter also inhabiting Sze-ch'uen.

To give an adequate account of Chinese ornithology would require space
many times the length of this article. The gorgeous mandarin duck
(_Aix galerita_) has already been mentioned among generic types common
to America. In marked distinction to this is the number of species of
pheasants inhabiting north-western China, whence the group ranges into
the eastern Himalaya. Among Chinese species are two of the three
species of blood-pheasants (_Ithagenes_), two tragopans (_Ceriornis_
or _Tragopan_), a monal (_Lophophorus_), three out of the five species
of _Crossoptilum_, the other two being Tibetan, two kinds of
_Pucrasia_, the gorgeous golden and Amherst's pheasants alone
representing the genus _Chrysolophus_, together with several species
of the typical genus _Phasianus_, among which it will suffice to
men