the same genus as the orang-utan; and
it has recently been suggested that the name _Simia_ pertains of right
to the chimpanzee rather than to the orang-utan. Between the typical
West African chimpanzee and the gorilla (q.v.) there is no difficulty in
drawing a distinction; the difficulty comes in when we have to deal with
the aberrant races, or species, of chimpanzee, some of which are so
gorilla-like that it is by no means easy to determine to which group
they really pertain. In height the adult male chimpanzee of the typical
form does not exceed 5 ft., and the colour of the hair is a full black,
while the skin, especially that of the face, is light-coloured; the ears
are remarkably large and prominent, and the hands reach only a short
distance below the knees. The head is rounded and short, without
prominent beetling ridges above the eyes, or a strong crest along the
middle line of the back of the skull; and the tusks of the old males are
of no very great length and prominence. Moreover, there is no very
marked difference in the size of the two sexes. Gentleness and docility
are specially characteristic of the species, even when full-grown; while
in the native state its habits are thoroughly arboreal.

In central Africa the chimpanzees assume more or less marked
gorilla-like traits. The first of these aberrant types is
Schweinfurth's chimpanzee (_Anthropopithecus troglodytes
schweinfurthi_), which inhabits the Niam-Niam country, and, although
evidently belonging to the same species as the typical race, exhibits
certain gorilla-like features. These traits are still more developed
in the bald chimpanzee (_A. tschego_) of Loango, the Gabun, and other
regions of French Congo, which takes its English name from the sparse
covering of hair on the head. The most gorilla-like of all the races
is, however, the kulu-kamba chimpanzee (_A. kulu-kamba_) of du
Chaillu, which inhabits central Africa. The celebrated ape "Mafuka,"
which lived in the Dresden zoological gardens during 1875, and came
from Loango, was apparently a member of this species, although it was
at one time regarded as a hybrid between a chimpanzee and a gorilla.
These gorilla-like traits were still more pronounced in "Johanna," a
female chimpanzee living in Barnum & Bailey's show in 1899, which has
been described and figured by Dr A. Keith. The heavy ridges over the
brow, originally supposed to be distinctive of the gorilla, are