543 B.C. See _J.R.A.S._ 1918, p.
547. He was certainly contemporary with kings Bimbisara and Ajatasattu,
dying in the reign of the latter. His date therefore depends on the
chronology of the Saisunaga and Nanda dynasties, for which new data are
now available.]

[Footnote 303: It was some time before the word came to mean definitely
the Buddha. In Udana 1.5, which is not a very early work, a number of
disciples including Devadatta are described as being all _Buddha_.]

[Footnote 304: The Chinese translators render this word by Ju-lai (he
who has come thus). As they were in touch with the best Indian
tradition, this translation seems to prove that Tathagata is equivalent
to Tatha-agata not to Tatha-gata and the meaning must be, he who has
come in the proper manner; a holy man who conforms to a type and is one
in a series of Buddhas or Jinas.]

[Footnote 305: See the article on the neighbouring country of Magadha in
Macdonell and Keith's _Vedic Index_.]

[Footnote 306: Cf. the Ratthapala-sutta.]

[Footnote 307: Mahav. I. 54. 1.]

[Footnote 308: Devadutavagga. Ang. Nik. III. 35.]

[Footnote 309: But the story is found in the Mahapadana-sutta. See also
Winternitz, _J.R.A.S._ 1911, p. 1146.]

[Footnote 310: He mentions that he had three palaces or houses, for the
hot, cold and rainy seasons respectively, but this is not necessarily
regal for the same words are used of Yasa, the son of a Treasurer
(Mahav. 1. 7. 1) and Anuruddha, a Sakyan noble (Cullav. VII. 1. 1).]

[Footnote 311: In the Sonadanda-sutta and elsewhere.]

[Footnote 312: The Pabbajja-sutta.]

[Footnote 313: Maj. Nik. Ariyapariyesana-sutta. It is found in
substantially the same form in the Mahasaccaka-sutta and the
Bodhirajakumara-sutta.]

[Footnote 314: The teaching of Alara Kalama led to rebirth in the sphere
called akincan-nayatanam or the sphere in which nothing at all is
specially present to the mind and that of Uddaka Ramaputta to rebirth in
the sphere where neither any idea nor the absence of any idea is
specially present to the mind. These expressions occur elsewhere (_e.g._
in the Mahaparinibbana-sutta) as names of stages in meditation or of
incorporeal worlds (arupabrahmaloka) where those states prevail. Some
mysterious utterances of Uddaka are preserved in Sam. Nik. XXXV. 103.]

[Footnote 315: Underhill, _Introd. to Mysticism_, p. 387.]

[Footnote 316: Sam. Nik. XXXVI. 19.]

[Footnote 317: The Lalita Vistara says Alara lived at Vesali