or
suppressed. There can be little or no doubt that there are in reality
six stamens in _Orchidaceae_, of which one only, under ordinary
circumstances, is developed. When the numerical symmetry is restored, as
it sometimes is, it is obvious that the augmentation that occurs is of a
different character from that arising from a repetition or renewed
development of organs. When the increased number arises from
multiplication proper, or from repetition, the ordinary laws of
alternation are not interfered with, but if from chorisis or
"dedoublement," it may happen that the normal arrangement is disturbed.

Without studying the mode of development, it is not in all cases
possible to tell under which of the above categories any particular
instance should be placed; hence, in the following sections, except
where otherwise stated, the cases are grouped according to the
appearance presented in the adult condition, rather than to the way in
which the changes from the typical condition are brought about. With
reference to the foliar organs it is necessary to distinguish those
cases in which there is, from any cause, an augmentation in the number
of component parts of a whorl, from those in which the increase takes
place in the numbers of the whorls themselves.

FOOTNOTES:

[376] Braun, 'Pringsheim Jahrbuch f. Wiss. Bot.,' 1858, 1, p. 307, tab.
22, 23.

[377] Henfrey, 'Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.,' vol. iii, p. 159.

[378] On the subject of chorisis or dedoublement the reader may
profitably consult Moquin-Tandon, 'Ess. sur les Dedoublements,' and the
same author in 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' t. xxvii, p. 236. and 'El. Ter. Veget.,'
p. 337. Dunal, 'Consid. Org. Fleur.,' Montpell., 1829, p. 32, note 3. A.
de St. Hilaire in 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' ser. 3, t. iii, p. 355, adnot.
Lindley, 'Elements of Botany,' p. 76. Asa Gray. 'Botanical Text Book.'

CHAPTER I.

MULTIPLICATION OF AXILE ORGANS, INFLORESCENCE, ETC.

By Linne an undue number of branches was designated as "plica," from the
analogy with the disease of the hair known as plica polonica: "_Plicata
dicitur planta, cum arbor vel ramus excrescit minimis intertextis
ramulis, tanquam plica polonica ex pilis, ceu instar nidi Picae, quod
vulgo a genio ortum arbitratur; frequens apud nos in Betula, praesertim
Norlandiae, in Carpino Scaniae, nec infrequens in Pinu._"[379]

By some of the older authors this condition was called polyclady. In
some cases, it would seem to be due to fungi as in