group the St. Valery apple, so often referred
to, is an illustration. To obtain fruits from this variety it is
necessary to apply pollen from another flower, a proceeding made the
occasion of festivity and rejoicing by the villagers in some parts of
France. In some of the _Artemisias_, especially in _Artemisia
Tournefortiana_, all the florets have been noticed to be female, owing
to the suppression of the stamens, and this suppression is associated
with a change in the form of florets.[482] Mr. Moggridge has
communicated to the author flowers of _Thymus Serpyllum_ from a plant in
which all the stamens were deficient, the flower being otherwise normal.

M. Dupont has given a list of nineteen species of _Chenopodiaceae_ in
which female flowers are occasionally produced, owing to the entire
suppression of the staminal whorl.[483]

Flowers the subjects either of regular or irregular peloria, _q. v._,
are often destitute of some or all their stamens, _e.g._ _Calceolaria_,
_Linaria_, _Viola_, &c., while in cases of synanthy suppression of some
of the parts of the flower, and specially of the stamens, is of very
common occurrence.

Suppression of the androecium as a teratological occurrence has been
most frequently noticed in the following plants, omitting members of
those families whose floral construction is normally incomplete in the
majority of instances, and exclusive also of cases of substitution. See
also under Heterogamy.

Ranunculus Ficaria!
auricomus!
bulbosus!
Cruciferae, sp. pl.
Violaceae, sp. pl.
Honckenya peploides.
Stellaria.
Caryophyllaceae, sp. pl.
Malpighiaceae, sp. pl.
Tropaeolum majus!
Fragaria vesca!
Rubus, sp.
Pyrus Malus.
Agrimonia vulgaris.
Rosaceae, sp. pl.
Trifolium hybridum.
repens.
Umbelliferae, sp. pl.
Onagraceae, sp. pl.
Hippuris vulgaris.
Callitriche vernalis.
autumnalis.
Lonicera Periclymenum.
Erica Tetralix.
Thymus Serpyllum.
Calceolaria.
Compositae, sp. pl.
Chenopodiaceae, sp. pl.
Stratiotes aloides.

=Meiotaxy of the gynoecium.=--Complete suppression of the pistil is of
more frequent occurrence than that of the stamens, hence more flowers
become accidentally unisexual by suppression of the pistil than by
deficiency of the stamens.

In many _Umbelliferae_, e.g. _Torilis Anthriscus_, _Cicuta virosa_, the
central flowers are often male, owing to the suppression of the pistil.
In many double flowe