pertrophied
calyx in conjunction with atrophy and virescence of the petals and other
changes.[499]

The corolla may be hypertrophied in some cases, though the change is
more rare than in most other organs. Moquin-Tandon mentions as subject
to this anomaly species of _Galeopsis_, _Prunella_, _Scabiosa_, and
_Dipsacus_, and also mentions a remarkable variety of _Viola odorata_
cultivated in the neighbourhood of Toulouse. The same learned author
also alludes to the so-called double Composites, viz. those in which the
usually tubular florets of the disc assume the form and proportions of
those of the ray, but these are hardly cases of hypertrophy.

=Enlargement of the androecium.=--Dunal[500] alludes to a curious
instance in a species of _Verbascum_, the lower flowers of which had
hairy stamens as usual, but the filaments of the topmost flower were
quite destitute of hairs, and dilated like a flat ribbon.

Moquin relates having found in the neighbourhood of Toulouse a plant of
_Solanum Dulcamara_ in which all the upper flowers had two or three
stamens of larger dimensions than the others. This happens habitually in
_Solanum tridynamum_ and _S. Amazonicum_, and to a less extent in _S.
vespertilio_ and _S. cornutum_; also in some species of _Hyoscyamus_.
These cases show the close affinity between the _Solanaceae_ and the
_Scrophulariaceae_.

=Enlargement of the gynoecium.=--In some flowers which have become
accidentally female the pistil becomes unusually large, and even to such
an extent as to prevent the passage of the pollen. Moquin remarks having
seen this enlargement in the pistils of _Suaeda fruticosa_ and _Kochia
scoparia_. The flowers of these Chenopods, under these circumstances,
resemble the female flowers of some nettles. The styles of _Anemone_ are
also much enlarged as the result of cultivation, and from their petaloid
appearance resemble those of the _Iris_ (Goethe). MM. Seringe and
Heyland[501] have figured some anomalous flowers of _Diplotaxis
tenuifolia_ in which the pistil, more or less distended and deformed,
was considerably elongated below, so that it seemed to be borne upon a
long stalk, analogous to that of fruits of Capparids. Dr. Klinsman[502]
mentions an instance of a similar kind combined with hypertrophy of the
sepals and pistils; indeed, the alteration is not uncommon among
Crucifers. _Pyrethrum inodorum_ is very subject to hypertrophy. The
styles of its radial florets become elongated withou