7.

[409] 'Flora.' 1857. p. 289.

[410] L. c., p. 354.

[411] Giraud, 'Ed. Phil. Mag.,' Dec., 1839.

[412] See _Cerasus Caproniana_, D. C. 'Plant. Rar. Hort. Genev.,' tab.
18.

[413] Nees, 'Linnaea,' v, p. 679, tab. 11 (_Schoenodorus_).

[414] 'Gard. Chron.,' 1852, p. 452.

[415] See Cramer, 'Bildungsabweich.' pp. 16, 24.

[416] 'Linnaea,' 1842, p. 389, c. ic.

[417] Seemann's 'Journal of Botany,' 1867, vol. v, p. 158.

[418] Cramer, 'Bildungsabweich,' p. 66, _Astrantia major_, _Eryngium_,
to which may be added _Daucus_, _Heracleum_, &c.

[419] See also Reinwardt, 'Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.,' 12, 1, 37; and
Masters, 'Journ. Linn. Soc.,' vi, p. 24.

[420] 'Organog. Veget.,' tab. 53.

[421] 'Missbild.,' p. 206.

[422] Ehrenberg, 'Flora,' 1846, p. 704.

[423] 'Flora,' 1860, tab. 7.

[424] 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 3 ser., t. x, p. 207.

[425] 'Mem. Mus.,' xii. t. 17.

[426] 'Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.,' xv, tab. xxviii, f. 3; 'Bot. Mag.,'
t. 1622. "Caryophyllus spicam frumenti referens." A similar malformation
in _Dianthus barbatus_ is not uncommon. It has lately been introduced
into gardens under the name of _Dianthus_ "_mousseux_," but is not
likely to find favour with gardeners.

[427] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. France,' t. vi, 1859. p. 268.

[428] Weber, 'Verhandl. Nat. Hist. Vereins. Rhein. Pruss.,' 1860.

[429] 'Bot. Zeit.,' 1848, p. 217.

[430] 'De Anthol.,' p. 17, Sec. 12.

[431] 'Linnaea,' vol. ii, 1827, p. 85.

[432] 'De Antholysi,' p. 17, tab. iii, f. 15, 16; Weinmann, 'Phytanth.
iconogr.,' nro. 292.

[433] See Hildebrand, 'Bot. Zeit.,' 1862, p. 209, tab. viii; Cramer,
'Bildungsabweich.,' p. 7, tab. xiii; Engelmann, 'De Antholysi,' p. 18,
&c. For similar changes in _Gagea arvensis_ see Wirtgen, 'Flora,' 1838,
t. xxi. p. 350, and 'Flora.' 1846, p. 353. Some of these are cases of
synanthy.

[434] Schlechtendal, 'Bot. Zeit.,' xx, 1862, p. 301.

[435] 'Phil. Bot.,' Sec. 126.

[436] C. Morren, 'Bull. Acad. Belg.,' xix, part ii, p. 17.

[437] 'Seemann's Journal of Botany,' iii, p. 354.

[438] On this point the reader will find an excellent summary in
Lindley's 'Vegetable Kingdom,' cd. iii, p. 183_a_, and in Darwin,
'Fertilisation of Orchids,' p. 292. See also Crueger,'Journ. Linn. Soc.,'
t. viii, p. 134.

[439] 'Seemann's Journal of Botany,' vol. iv, p. 168, tab. 47.

[440] Ibid., t. iv. 1866, p. 168, t. xlvii, f. 1.

[441] 'Bildungsabweich,' p. 8; see also 'Bot. Zeit.,' 1852, p. 425.

[442]