mens may
be found in which some or all of the usually suppressed stamens
of _Orchidaceae_ may be found. These stamens may be all perfect
(polliniferous), or, as is more frequently the case, more or
less petal-like. Moreover, when the stamens are petalodic, the
form assumed is usually that of the labellum.

The presence of stamens in undue numbers in orchids is very
generally, but not always, attended by some coincident
malformation, of which the most frequent is cohesion of two or
more sepals, and consequent displacement or adhesion of one
petal to the side of the column. Petalody of the styles and
median prolification are also sometimes found in association
with an augmented number of stamens.

[Illustration: FIG. 196.--Increased number of carpels, tulip.]

[Illustration: FIG. 197.--Fruit of St. Valery apple cut lengthwise.]

=Pleiotaxy of the gynoecium.=--An increase in the number of whorls of
which the pistil consists is not of very frequent occurrence. Generally
after the formation of the whorl of carpels, the energy of the growing
point ceases, or if by chance it be continued, the result is more
generally the production of a new flower-bud (median prolification) than
the repetition of the carpellary series. It is necessary also to
distinguish between the veritable augmentation of the pistil and the
semblance of it, brought about by the substitution of carpels for some
other organs, as pistillody of the stamens, and even of the segments of
the perianth, is not very unfrequent, as has already been stated under
the head of substitution. Again, the increased number of carpels which
is sometimes met with in such flowers, as _Magnolia_ or _Delphinium_,
where the ovaries are arranged in spiral series, is not strictly
referable to the present category.

The orange is one of the plants most frequently subject to an
augmentation in the number of carpellary whorls; sometimes this is due
to the stamens assuming the guise of carpels, but at other times the
increase occurs without any alteration in the stamens or other organs.
If the adventitious carpels be exposed, they are covered with yellow
rind, while those portions that are covered by the primary carpels are
destitute of rind. Some varieties of the double tulip are very subject
to a similar change, but, in this case, the petals and the stamens very
frequently become more or less carpellary in their nature. Fi