n is built on seven hills, each crowned
by a church, while the lower, still partially surrounded by walls and
ditches, is divided by the river and Ludwigskanal into three districts. The
cathedral is a noble late Romanesque building with four imposing towers. It
was founded in 1004 by the emperor Henry II., finished in 1012, afterwards
partially burnt, and rebuilt in the 13th century. Of its many works of art
may be mentioned the magnificent marble tomb of the founder and his wife,
the empress Cunigunde, carved by Tilman Riemenschneider between 1499 and
1513, and an equestrian statue of the emperor Conrad III. Other noteworthy
churches are the Jakobskirche, an 11th-century Romanesque basilica; the St
Martinskirche; the Marienkirche or Obere Pfarrkirche (1320-1387), which has
now been restored to its original pure Gothic style. The Michaelskirche,
12th-century Romanesque (restored), on the Michaelsberg, was formerly the
church of a Benedictine monastery secularized in 1803, which now contains
[v.03 p.0301] the Buergerspital, or alms-house, and the museum and
municipal art collections. Of the bridges connecting the sections of the
lower town the most interesting is the _Obere Bruecke_, completed in 1455.
Halfway across this, on an artificial island, is the Rathaus (rebuilt
1744-1756). The royal lyceum, formerly a Jesuit college, contains notable
collections and the royal library of over 300,000 volumes. The picturesque
Old Palace (_Alte Residenz_) was built in 1591 on the site of an old
residence of the counts of Babenberg. The New Palace (1698-1704) was
formerly occupied by the prince-bishops, and from 1864 to 1867 by the
deposed King Otto of Greece. Noteworthy among the monuments of the town is
the Maximilian fountain (1880), with statues of Maximilian I. of Bavaria,
the emperor Henry II. and his wife, Conrad III. and St Otto, bishop of
Bamberg. At a short distance from the town is the Altenburg (1266 ft.), a
castle occupied from 1251 onwards by the bishops of Bamberg. It was
destroyed in 1553 by Albert, margrave of Brandenburg, but has been partly
restored. The schools include the lyceum for philosophy and Catholic
theology (a survival of the university suppressed in 1803), a seminary, two
gymnasia, a Realschule, and several technical schools, including one for
porcelain-painting. The industries of the town include cotton spinning and
weaving, silk spinning, the manufacture of tobacco, ropes, metal-ware,
furniture, &c. The