escendants of the natives introduced as slaves from
neighbouring islands, and are Christians or Mahommedans.

The Banda Islands were discovered and annexed by the Portuguese Antonio
D'Abreu in 1512; but in the beginning of the 17th century his countrymen
were expelled by the Dutch. In 1608 the British built a factory on Wai,
which was demolished by the Dutch as soon as the English vessel left.
Shortly after, however, Banda Neira and Lontor were resigned by the natives
to the British, and in 1620 Run and Wai were added to their dominions; but
in spite of treaties into which they had entered [v.03 p.0310] the Dutch
attacked and expelled their British rivals. In 1654 they were compelled by
Cromwell to restore Run, and to make satisfaction for the massacre of
Amboyna; but the English settlers not being adequately supported from home,
the island was retaken by the Dutch in 1664. They remained in undisturbed
possession until 1796, when the Banda Islands were taken by the British.
They were restored by the treaty of Amiens in the year 1800, again
captured, and finally restored by the treaty of Paris concluded in 1814.

BANDANA, or BANDANNA, a word probably derived through the Portuguese from
the Hindustani _b[=a]ndhn[=u]_, which signified a primitive method of
obtaining an effect in dyeing by tying up cloth in different places to
prevent the particular parts from receiving the dye. The name was given to
richly coloured silk handkerchiefs produced by this process, of which
bright colours were characteristic. Bandanas are now commonly made of
cotton and produced in Lancashire, whence they are exported. The effect is
also produced by a regular process in calico printing, in which the pattern
is made by discharging the colour.

BANDELIER, ADOLPH FRANCIS ALPHONSE (1840- ), American archaeologist, was
born in Bern, Switzerland, on the 6th of August 1840. When a youth he
emigrated to the United States. After 1880 he devoted himself to
archaeological and ethnological work among the Indians of the south-western
United States, Mexico and South America. Beginning his studies in Sonora
(Mexico), Arizona and New Mexico, he made himself the leading authority on
the history of this region, and--with F. H. Cushing and his successors--one
of the leading authorities on its prehistoric civilization. In 1892 he
abandoned this field for Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru, where he continued
ethnological, archaeological and historical investigations. In the