as current.

On the Karroo the mean maximum temperature is 77 deg. F., the mean
minimum 49 deg., the mean daily range about 27 deg.. In summer the
drought is severe, the heat during the day great, the nights cool and
clear. In winter frost at night is not uncommon. The climate of the
northern plains is similar to that of the Karroo, but the extremes of
cold and heat are greater. In the summer the shade temperature reaches
110 deg. F., whilst in winter nights 12 deg. of frost have been
registered. The hot westerly winds of summer make the air oppressive,
though violent thunderstorms, in which form the northern districts
receive most of their scanty rainfall, occasionally clear the
atmosphere. Mirages are occasionally seen. The keen air, accompanied by
the brilliant sunshine, renders the winter climate very enjoyable. Snow
seldom falls in the coast region, but it lies on the higher mountains
for three or four months in the year, and for as many days on the
Karroo. Violent hailstorms, which do great damage, sometimes follow
periods of drought. The most disagreeable feature of the climate of the
colony is the abundance of dust, which seems to be blown by every wind,
and is especially prevalent in the rainy season.

That white men can thrive and work in Cape Colony the history of South
Africa amply demonstrates. Ten generations of settlers, from northern
Europe have been born, lived and died there, and the race is as strong
and vigorous as that from which it sprang. Malarial fever is practically
non-existent in Cape Colony, and diseases of the chest are rare.
(F. R. C.)

_Geology_.--The colony affords the typical development of the geological
succession south of the Zambezi. The following general arrangement has
been determined:--

TABLE OF FORMATIONS.
_Post-Cretaceous and Recent._

Cretaceous / Pondoland Cretaceous Series \ Cretaceous
System \ Uitenhage Series /

/ Stormberg Series \
Karroo System < Beaufort Series > Carboniferous
| Ecca Series | to Jurassic
\ Dwyka Series /

/ Witteberg Series \
Cape System < Bokkeveld Series > Devonian
| Table Mountain Sandstone |
\ Series /

/ Includes several independent \
Pre-Cape Rocks <