e colony.
The chief wine-producing districts are those of the Paarl, Worcester,
Robertson, Malmesbury, Stellenbosch and the Cape, all in the
south-western regions. Beyond the colony proper there are promising vine
stocks in the Gordonia division of Bechuanaland and in the Umtata
district of Tembuland.

Fruit culture has become an important industry with the facilities
afforded by rapid steamers for the sale of produce in Europe. The trees
whose fruit reaches the greatest perfection and yield the largest
harvest are the apricot, peach, orange and apple. Large quantities of
table grapes are also grown. Many millions of each of the fruits named
are produced annually. The pear, lemon, plum, fig and other trees
likewise flourish. Cherry trees are scarce. The cultivation of the olive
was begun in the western provinces, c. 1900. In the Oudtshoorn,
Stockenstroom, Uniondale, Piquetberg and other districts tobacco is
grown. The output for 1904 was 5,309,000 lb.

Flour-milling is an industry second only in importance to that of
diamond mining (see below). The chief milling centres are Port Elizabeth
and the Cape district. In 1904 the output of the mills was valued at
over L2,200,000, more than 7,000,000 bushels of wheat being ground.

Forestry is a growing industry. Most of the forests are crown property
and are under the care of conservators. Fisheries were little developed
before 1897 when government experiments were begun, which proved that
large quantities of fish were easily procurable by trawling. Large
quantities of soles are obtained from a trawling ground near Cape
Agulhas. The collection of guano from the islands near Walfish Bay is
under government control.

_Mining_.--The mineral wealth of the country is very great. The most
valuable of the minerals is the diamond, found in Griqualand West and
also at Hopetown, and other districts along the Orange river. The
diamond-mining industry is almost entirely under the control of the De
Beers Mining Company. From the De Beers mines at Kimberley have come
larger numbers of diamonds than from all the other diamond mines of the
world combined. Basing the calculation on the figures for the ten years
1896-1905, the average annual production is slightly over two and a half
million carats, of the average annual value of L4,250,000, the average
price per carat being L1:13:3. From the other districts alluvial
diamonds are obtained of the average annual value of L250,000-L400,000.
T