from either party, and who also had defended Mr Schreiner's action with
regard to the passage of arms to the Free State, addressed his
constituents at Claremont in support of the annexation of both
republics; and in the course of an eloquent speech he stated that in
Canada, in spite of rebellions, loyalty had been secured from the French
Canadians by free institutions. In South Africa they might hope that a
similar policy would attain a similar result with the Boers. In June, Mr
Schreiner, whose recent support of Sir Alfred Milner had incensed many
of his Bond followers, resigned in consequence of the refusal of some of
his colleagues to support the disfranchisement bill which he was
prepared, in accordance with the views of the home government, to
introduce for the punishment of Cape rebels. The bill certainly did not
err on the side of severity, but disfranchisement for their supporters
in large numbers was more distasteful to the Bond extremists than any
stringency towards individuals. Sir Gordon Sprigg, who after a political
crisis of considerable delicacy, succeeded Mr Schreiner and for the
fourth time became prime minister, was able to pass the Bill with the
co-operation of Mr Schreiner and his section. Towards the end of the
year 1900 the war entered on a new phase, and took the form of guerilla
skirmishes with scattered forces of marauding Boers. In December some of
these bands entered the Cape Colony and endeavoured to induce colonial
Boers to join them. In this endeavour they met at first with little or
no success; but as the year 1901 progressed and the Boers still managed
to keep the various districts in a ferment, it was deemed necessary by
the authorities to proclaim martial law over the whole colony, and this
was done on the 9th of October 1901.

On the 4th of January 1901 Sir Alfred Milner was gazetted governor of
the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, being shortly afterwards created
a peer as Lord Milner, and Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson, governor of
Natal, was appointed his successor as governor of the Cape Colony. The
office of high commissioner in South Africa was now separated from the
governorship of the Cape and associated with that of the Transvaal--an
indication of the changed conditions in South Africa. The division of
the colonists into those who favoured the Boer states and those firmly
attached to the British connexion was reflected, to the detriment of the
public weal, in the parties in the C