t sects were:--Dutch Reformed Church, 399,487;
Gereformeerde Kerk, 6209; Lutherans, 80,902; Anglicans, 281,433;
Presbyterians, 88,660; Congregationalists, 112,202; Wesleyan and other
Methodists, 290,264; Baptists, 14,105. Of the Hottentots 77%, of the
Fingoes 50%, of the mixed races 89%, and of the Kaffirs and Bechuanas
26% were returned as Christians.

_Education_.--There is a state system of primary education controlled by
a superintendent-general of education and the education department which
administers the parliamentary grants. As early as 1839 a scheme of
public schools, drawn up by Sir John Herschel, the astronomer, came into
operation, and was continued until 1865, when a more comprehensive
scheme was adopted. In 1905 an act was passed dividing the colony into
school districts under the control of popularly elected school boards,
which were established during 1905-1906. These boards levy, through
municipal or divisional councils, a rate for school purposes and
supervise all public and poor schools. The schools are divided into
public undenominational elementary schools; day schools and industrial
institutions for the natives; mission schools to which government aid
for secular instruction is granted; private farm schools, district
boarding schools, training schools for teachers, industrial schools for
poor whites, &c. In 1905 2930 primary schools of various classes were
open. Education is not compulsory, but at the 1904 census 95% of the
white population over fourteen years old could read and write. In the
same year 186,000 natives could read and write, and 53,000 could read
but not write. There are also numbers of private schools receiving no
government aid. These include schools maintained by the German
community, in which the medium of instruction is German.

The university of the Cape of Good Hope, modelled on that of London,
stands at the head of the educational system of the colony. It arose out
of and superseded the board of public examiners (which had been
constituted in 1858), was established in 1874 and was granted a royal
charter in 1877. It is governed by a chancellor, a vice-chancellor (who
is chairman of the university council) and a council consisting (1909)
of 38 members, including representatives of Natal. The university is
empowered to grant degrees ranking equally with those of any university
in Great Britain. Originally only B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., M.B., and
M.D. degrees were conferred, b