h sides. There are
about one hundred newspapers in English or Dutch published in the
colony.

The chief papers are the _Cape Times, Cape Argus, South African News_
(Bond), both daily and weekly; the _Diamond Fields Advertiser_
(Kimberley) and the _Eastern Province Herald_ (Port Elizabeth). _Ons
Land_ and _Het Dagblad_ are Dutch papers published at Cape Town.
(F. R. C.)

HISTORY

_Discovery and Settlement_.--Bartholomew Diaz, the Portuguese navigator,
discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, and Vasco da Gama in 1497
sailed along the whole coast of South Africa on his way to India. The
Portuguese, attracted by the riches of the East, made no permanent
settlement at the Cape. But the Dutch, who, on the decline of the
Portuguese power, established themselves in the East, early saw the
importance of the place as a station where their vessels might take in
water and provisions. They did not, however, establish any post at the
Cape until 1652, when a small garrison under Jan van Riebeek were sent
there by the Dutch East India Company. Riebeek landed at Table Bay and
founded Cape Town. In 1671 the first purchase of land from the
Hottentots beyond the limits of the fort built by Riebeek marked the
beginning of the Colony proper. The earliest colonists were for the most
part people of low station or indifferent character, but as the result
of the investigations of a commissioner sent out in 1685 a better class
of immigrants was introduced. About 1686 the European population was
increased by a number of the French refugees who left their country on
the revocation of the edict of Nantes. The influence of this small body
of immigrants on the character of the Dutch settlers was marked. The
Huguenots, however, owing to the policy of the Company, which in 1701
directed that Dutch only should be taught in the schools, ceased by the
middle of the 18th century to be a distinct body, and the knowledge of
French disappeared. Advancing north and east from their base at Cape
Town the colonists gradually acquired--partly by so-called contracts,
partly by force--all the land of the Hottentots, large numbers of whom
they slew. Besides those who died in warfare, whole tribes of Hottentots
were destroyed by epidemics of smallpox in 1713 and in 1755. Straggling
remnants still maintained their independence, but the mass of the
Hottentots took service with the colonists as herdsmen, while others
became hangers-on about the company's post