and
shales. They rest indifferently on the Ibiquas series or Malmesbury
beds.

The pre-Cape rocks of the northern region occur in the Campbell Rand,
Asbestos mountains, Matsap and Langebergen, and in the Schuftebergen.
They contain a great variety of sediments and igneous rocks. The oldest,
or Keis, series consists of quartzites, quartz-schists, phyllites and
conglomerates. These are overlain, perhaps unconformably, by a great
thickness of lavas and volcanic breccias (Pniel volcanic series, Beer
Vley and Zeekoe Baard amygdaloids), and these in turn by the quartzites,
grits and shales of the Black Reef series. The chief rocks of the
Campbell Rand series are limestones and dolomites, with some interbedded
quartzites. Among the Griquatown series of quartzites, limestones and
shales are numerous bands of jasper and large quantities of crocidolite
(a fibrous amphibole); while at Blink Klip a curious breccia, over 200
ft. thick, is locally developed. Evidences of one of the oldest known
glaciations have been found near the summit in the district of Hay. The
Ongeluk volcanic series, consisting of lavas and breccias, conformably
overlies the Griquatown series; while the grits, quartzites and
conglomerates of the Matsap series rest on them with a great
discordance.

Rocks of the Cape System have only been met with in the southern and
eastern parts of South Africa. The lowest member (Table Mountain
Sandstone) consists of sandstones with subordinate bands of shale. It
forms the upper part of Table Mountain and enters largely into the
formation of the southern mountainous folded belt. It is unfossiliferous
except for a few obscure sheils obtained near the base. A bed of
conglomerate is regarded as of glacial origin.

The Table Mountain Sandstone passes up conformably into a sequence of
sandstones and shales (Bokkeveld Beds), well exposed in the Cold and
Warm Bokkevelds. The lowest beds contain many fossils, including
_Phacops, Homalonotus, Leptocoelia, Spirifer, Chonetes, Orthothetes,
Orthoceras, Bellerophon_. Many of the species are common to the Devonian
rocks of the Falkland Islands, North and South America and Europe, with
perhaps a closer resemblance to the Devonian fauna of South America than
to that of any other country.

The Bokkeveld beds are conformably succeeded by the sandstones,
quartzites and shales of the Witteberg series. So far imperfect remains
of plants (_Spirophyton_) are the only fossils, and these are no