he Orange, and Somerset East (5216).
Simon's Town (6643) in False Bay is a station of the British navy.
Mafeking (2713), in the extreme north of the colony near the Transvaal
frontier, Taungs (2715) and Vryburg (2985) are in Bechuanaland. Kokstad
(2903) is the capital of Griqualand East, Umtata (2342) the capital of
Tembuland.

Port Nolloth is the seaport for the Namaqualand copper mines, whose
headquarters are at O'okiep (2106). Knysna, Port Alfred and Port St
Johns are minor seaports. Barkly East and Barkly West are two widely
separated towns, the first being E.S.E. of Aliwal North and Barkly West
in Griqualand West. Hopetown and Prieska are on the south side of the
middle course of the Orange river. Upington (2508) lies further west on
the north bank of the Orange and is the largest town in the western part
of Bechuanaland. Indwe (2608) is the centre of the coal-mining region in
the east of the colony. The general plan of the small country towns is
that of streets laid out at right angles, and a large central market
square near which are the chief church, town hall and other public
buildings. In several of the towns, notably those founded by the early
Dutch settlers, the streets are tree-lined. Those towns for which no
population figures are given had at the 1904 census fewer than 2000
inhabitants.

_Agriculture and Allied Industries._--Owing to the scarcity of water
over a large part of the country the area of land under cultivation is
restricted. The farmers, in many instances, are pastoralists, whose
wealth consists in their stock of cattle, sheep and goats, horses, and,
in some cases, ostriches. In the lack of adequate irrigation much
fertile soil is left untouched.

The principal cereal crops are wheat, with a yield of 1,701,000 bushels
in 1904, oats, barley, rye, mealies (Indian corn) and Kaffir corn (a
kind of millet). The principal wheat-growing districts are in the
south-western and eastern provinces. The yield per acre is fully up to
the average of the world's yield, computed at twelve bushels to the
acre. The quality of Cape wheat is stated to be unsurpassed. Rye gives
its name to the Roggeveld, and is chiefly grown there and in the lower
hills of Namaqualand. Mealies (extensively used as food for cattle and
horses) are very largely grown by the coloured population and Kaffir
corn almost exclusively so. Oats are grown over a wider area than any
other crop, and next to mealies are the heaviest crop grown