of Paris green, and apply with a brush; it will never fail. I prune
while the tree is young; then the wound does not affect them so much; it
pays, and is very necessary. I have never thinned, but think it
necessary, just before the apples are half grown. I use no fertilizer
whatever. I do not pasture my orchard much, but when I do it is with
hogs, and I think it advisable when the fruit is wormy and falling off.
I have some insects, but have never sprayed. For borers I use a knife. I
pick in baskets, just as late as possible.

* * * * *

J. O. EMERY, Cimarron, Gray county: Have lived in Kansas twelve years;
have 400 apple trees four years planted, of the following varieties: Ben
Davis, Missouri Pippin, Arkansas Black, Mammoth Black Twig, Rawle's
Janet, and a few Yellow Transparent. Prefer bottom land in this county;
plant only fifteen feet apart each way on account of the wind. Grow no
crop in the orchard, and cultivate every two weeks until the 1st of
August with a five-tooth cultivator. Have a double row of locusts and
Osage-orange hedge all around the orchard, and consider windbreaks a
necessity. I prune out the inside branches, leaving only four or five
limbs, so they will not grow scrubby, and think it beneficial. I plowed
under forty loads of stable litter to the acre before planting. I would
not pasture an orchard. Am troubled some with web-worm and twig-borer,
and have used a spray in June and August of concentrated lye and cold
water; also, some Paris green and London purple for worms. I irrigate my
orchard once every two weeks, from a reservoir 70x140 feet, and have
apple trees that made 4-1/2 feet of growth last year. My reservoir is
supplied by two windmills running four- and six-inch pumps.

* * * * *

BEN. McCULLOGH, Ellinwood, Barton county: Have been in Kansas twenty-two
years; have the biggest grove in Comanche township, Barton county,
covering twenty acres, most of it in fruit of all kinds. Have 300 apple
trees, planted from five to fourteen years, from eight to sixteen inches
in diameter; varieties, Ben Davis, Missouri Pippin, Winesap, and Rawle's
Janet. Have discarded the Nonesuch. My orchard is second bottom, black,
sandy soil, and perfectly level. I planted two-year-old trees in rows
both ways. I grow corn and potatoes in the orchard until the trees shade
the ground pretty well, and then I grow nothing, but cultivate the
ground until