, 181, 212-13, 345
(_see_ Manors, Estates)

Chuang Tzu;, philosopher, 47-8, 50

Chuen-ch'en, ruler, 88

Ch'un-ch'iu, book, 43, 80

_chuen-t'ien_ system (land equalization system), 142-3, 173, 187

_chuen-tzue_ (gentleman), 42, 44

Chung-ch'ang T'ung, philosopher, 50

Chungking (Ch'ung-ch'ing), city, 38, 110, 318

Church, Buddhistic, 146, 147, 188, 218;
Taoistic, 136, 147
(_see_ Chang Ling)

Cities, 36, 37;
spread and growth of cities, 31, 55-6, 175, 229, 250-1, 252;
origin of cities, 19;
twin cities, 33
(_see_ City states, Ch'ang-an, Sian, Lo-yang, Hankow, etc.)

City States (of Central Asia), 97, 132, 177

Clans, 31, 196

Classes, social classes, 79, 143-4, 207, 216
(_see_ Castes, _ch'ien-min_, _liang-min_, Gentry, etc.)

Climate, changes, 9

Cliques, 91, 160, 197, 257, 261

Cloisonne, 256

Cobalt, 221, 256

Coins, 78, 94, 116, 199, 209
(_see_ Money)

Colonialism, 278, 283, 329
(_see_ Imperialism)

Colonization, 97, 102, 111, 116, 153, 209, 248 ff.
(_see_ Migration, Assimilation)

Colour prints, 256

Communes, 331

Communism, 314, 320 ff.
(_see_ Marxism, Socialism, Soviets)

Concubines, 100, 227

Confessions, 102

Confucian ritual, 78-9;
Confucianism, 93, 136, 145, 150, 163-4, 168, 175, 183-4, 188, 306;
Confucian literature, 78;
false Confucian literature, 93-4;
Confucians, 40 ff., 134
(_see_ Neo-Confucianism)

Conquests, 122, 270
(_see_ War, Colonialism)

Conservatism, 219

Constitution, 311

Contending States, 40 ff.

Co-operatives, 319

Copper, 17, 211
(_see_ Bronze, Metal)

Corruption, 51, 200

Corvee (forced labour), 82, 173, 187, 196, 238
(_see_ Labour)

Cotton, 250

Courtesans, 182
(_see_ Brothel)

Coxinga, rebel, 267, 271

Craftsmen, 26, 105, 183, 197, 216, 247-8
(_see_ Artisans)

Credits, 215

Criminals, 146, 218, 248

Crop rotation, 249

Dalai Lama, religious ruler of Tibet, 278, 310

Dance, 105

Deflation, 215

Deities, 23
(_see_ Tien, Shang Ti, Maitreya, Amithabha, etc.)

Delft, city, 256

Demands, the twenty-one, 311, 313

Democracy, 305, 301

Denshiring, 12

Despotism, 81, 196
(_see_ Absolutism)

Dewey, J., educator, 307

Dialects, 64-5
(_see_ Language)

Dialecticians, 59

Dictators, 38, 47
(_see_ Despotism)

Dictionaries, 65

Diploma, for monks, 208

Diplomacy, 223, 226

Disarmament, 115, 120

Discriminatory laws, 189, 233 ff., 270
(_see_ Double