146

_se-mu_ (auxiliary troops), 233

Seal, imperial, 92-3

Secret societies, 61, 95 ff., 289
(_see_ Red Eyebrows, Yellow Turbans, White Lotos, Boxer,
Rebellions)

Sects, 135;
Buddhist sects, 188

Seng-ko-lin-ch'in, general, 291

Serfs, 21, 26, 31, 32, 33, 53-4, 72, 143, 197, 216
(_see_ Slaves, Servants, Bondsmen)

Servants, 32

Settlement, of foreigners, 177;
military, 248
(_see_ Colonization)

Sha-t'o, tribal federation, 187, 190, 203, 204, 206, 207, 222, 230

Shadow theatre, 255

Shahruk, ruler, 258

Shamans, 160, 184;
Shamanism, 34, 242, 135 ff., 146

Shan tribes of South East Asia, 12

_Shan-hai-ching_, book, 103

Shan-yue, title of nomadic ruler, 88, 89, 90, 95, 103, 119, 125, 151

Shang dynasty, 19 ff., 41

Shang Ti, deity, 23, 24, 25

Shang Tzu, philosopher (Shang Yang), 59

Shanghai, city 246, 250, 287, 288, 301, 305, 308, 314-15, 316, 318

Shao Yung, philosopher, 220

Sheep, 54, 118

Shen Nung, mythical figure, 52

Shen Tsung, Sung ruler, 196;
Manchu ruler, 265, 267

Sheng Tsu, Manchu ruler, 272

_Shih-chi_, book, 103

Shih Ching-t'ang, ruler, 204, 222

Shih Ch'ung, writer, 49

Shih Heng, soldier, 260

Shih Hu, ruler, 125 ff.

Shih Huang-ti, ruler, 63 ff., 78

Shih Lo, ruler, 123, 124, 125, 126

Shih-pi, ruler, 170

Shih Ssu-ming, 185

Shih Tsung, Manchu ruler, 264, 282

Shih-wei, Mongol tribes, 141

Shintoism, Japanese religion, 44

Ships, 168 (_see_ Navy)

Short stories, 255

Shoulder axes, 10

Shu (Szechwan), area and/or state, 219

Shu-Han dynasty, 108, 110, 111, 115

Shun, dynasty, 268;
mythical ruler, 17

Shun-chih, reign period, 270

Sian (Hsi-an, Ch'ang-an), city, 31, 33, 35, 97

Siao Ho (Hsiao Ho), jurist, 80

Silk, 20-1, 56, 90-1, 105, 116, 143, 185, 186, 209, 214, 276, 289, 303;
Silk road, 86

Silver, 211, 251-2, 276

Sin-lo (Hsin-lo, Silla), state of Korea, 141

Sinanthropos, 8

Sinkiang (Hsin-Chiang, Turkestan), 14, 248, 294, 329, 330

Slash and burn agriculture (denshiring), 12

Slaves, 26, 32, 79, 94, 123, 137-8, 143;
Slave society, 26;
Temple slaves, 146

Social mobility, 73-4, 196, 197, 218-19;
Social structure of tribes, 117

Socialism, 93 ff., 291
(_see_ Marxism, Communism)

Sogdiana, country in Central Asia, 45, 60, 134-5, 163, 174, 184

Soul, concept of soul, 32

South-East Asia, 9, 10, 14, 198, 201 250, 275, 324
(_see_ Burma, Champa, Cambodia, Annam, Laos, Vietnam,