count for this afterward, (just as sometimes occurs in the case of
thought-readers[80]). It is very probable, too, that they were not
of a very reflective turn of mind anyway. We are warranted, I think,
in regarding the two cases as identical in kind.]

The so-called musical ability of horses appears, from all that is known,
to be confined within very narrow bounds. Only one fact is universally
accepted, viz., horses of the military are believed to possess a
knowledge of the significance of trumpet signals, and are often said to
interpret them more readily than the recruits.[81] Since no experiments
had been made along these lines, I undertook to make a brief test of the
cavalry horses mentioned on page 188. As in the preceding tests, the
three animals were arranged behind one another with the customary
distance of two horses' lengths between, and each was ridden by his
accustomed rider. They were held by the reins, but received no aid of
any kind, either to start them or to restrain them. A bugle then sounded
the various signals at the other end of the barrack's courtyard. We had
been previously assured that the horses would certainly react without
fail. But, as a matter of fact, the result was quite the contrary. Two
of the horses did not move at all, and the third, a thirteen-year old
gelding, was startled nearly every time and would tear off in a
gallop--even though a trot had been sounded. I would not, however,
venture to draw any conclusions from results such as these. Many more
tests would have to be made, and some of them upon the whole squadron,
before a judgment could be given.[AG]

[Footnote AG: Professor Fluegel,[82] basing his statements on an
article appearing in "Schorer's Familienblatt" (Berlin, 1890, No. 8,
p. 128), gives an account of similar experiments which were supposed
to have been conducted by the Zoological Society for Westphalia and
Lippe, and presumably showed that "the horses of the military do not
understand the bugle calls." No matter how well trained a horse may
have been, it would not respond to a signal. This report, however,
is due to a mistake. Such experiments have never been made by the
society mentioned, so I am told by its director, Dr. Reeker. Nor do
I know of any one else who has made experiments of this kind.
However, Professor Landois,[83] the eminent zoologist, now deceased
(founder of the scientific society mentioned