upward as in the hand-stand in gymnastic work. An extract from a
treatise by Count A. de Gasparin,[94] which appeared about the
middle of the last century, may serve to show how close the
correspondence between the two processes, that of getting the table
to rap and that of causing Hans to respond, really is. The report of
this writer, based upon the detailed record of his tests in
table-moving and table-rapping, closely parallels in many minute
details the observations which were made in the course of our
experimentation with Hans. The case is all the more remarkable when
we bear in mind that this writer did not seek the cause of the
phenomena, as we did, in involuntary movements, but thrusting aside
this explanation, he posited the cause in the agency of some
mysterious fluid. It may not be amiss to say that this as well as
most other references were consulted after the present experiments
and introspections had been completed. Of the page references
preceding the following citations, the first always refers to the
page in the French original, and the other, enclosed in brackets, to
the parallel passage in the present monograph.

P. 49 [31]. Some questioners are especially suitable
("experimentateurs hors ligne"), but in their absence, other persons
may also operate successfully ("le succes, quoique moins brillant
alors, n'est pas impossible.")

P. 25 [229]. But even the most suitable questioners do not always
succeed equally well ("les plus surs d'eux-memes ne reussissaient
pas egalement tous les jours.")

P. 42 [151]. When the questioner is in any way indisposed, the
measure of success is also less.

P. 91 & 87 [150]. The Questioner must first get into the sweep of
things ("en train"), and once he has done so, all interruption
whatsoever must be avoided.

P. 91 [93]. Unless there is sufficient tension on the part of the
questioner, the test will fail. ("La volonte est-elle absente, rien
ne bouge.")

P. 210 [93]. When there is too low a degree of tension, then too
great a number will be tapped ("si votre volonte ne les [les tables]
arrete pas au moment ou se termine le chiffre pense, elles
continueront indefiniment.")

P. 31 [93]. But too great concentration of attention will also
produce failure ("s'il n'arrivait ... de desirer trop fortement le
suc