rolled in a thick blanket. Those hot
applications may be changed every twenty minutes until free perspiration
is produced. This condition may be kept up as long as is necessary.

The hot pack is used mainly in disease of the kidney.

The Hot-Air or Vapor Bath.--The child is put in bed wholly undressed
with the bed clothing raised about twelve inches, and held in that
position by a wicker support. The child's head is of course outside the
bed clothing. Beneath the bed clothing hot air or vapor from a croup
kettle is introduced. This will cause free perspiration in twenty
minutes. It may be continued from twenty to thirty minutes at a time.

The vapor bath is used in diseases of the kidney, as a rule.

The Bran Bath.--In five gallons of water place a bag in which is put
one quart of ordinary wheat bran. The bag is made of cheese cloth.
Squeeze and manipulate the bran bag until the water resembles a thin
porridge. The temperature of the water is usually about 95 deg. F., though
it may be given with any temperature of water.

The bran bath is of great value in eczema, or in rashes about the
buttocks, or in delicate skin conditions when plain water would
irritate.

The Tepid Bath.--This bath may be given at a temperature of 95 deg., or
100 deg. F. It is of distinct advantage in extremely nervous children. To
induce sleep it is often better than drugs.

The Cold Sponge or Shower Bath.--This bath should be given in the
morning in a warm room. A tub should be provided with enough water in it
to cover the child's feet. This water should be warm because when the
feet are in warm water it prevents the shock which frequently comes when
cold water is applied to any other part of the body.

A large sponge is filled with water at a temperature of from 40 deg. to 60 deg.
F. This is squeezed a number of times over the child's chest, shoulders,
and back. While the cold water is being applied the body should be well
rubbed with the free hand of the mother. The bath should not last longer
than half a minute. When finished take the child out quickly and stand
him on a bath towel and give him a brisk rubbing with a bath towel until
the skin reacts. This is an exceedingly valuable tonic for a delicate
child. It should not be used on younger children than eighteen months of
age. In younger children a cold plunge is preferable.

For the cold plunge water at a temperature of 55 deg. F. is prepared. The
child is lifted into this and give