is effected. It seldom does
harm to wait until the right assistance is at hand; it often does
serious harm to be too smart in these little matters.

Foreign Bodies in the Throat.--If the foreign body is in the upper
part of the throat and can be seen it may be removed with any instrument
that can grasp it. The child may be immediately held up by its feet when
the article may be shaken out. If it is further back or in the air
passages the child should be made to vomit by tickling the throat with a
feather or with the finger held in the throat till it does vomit.

When the object interferes with breathing a physician should be sent for
in a hurry. In the meantime the family may try to dislodge it by having
the child bend forward or by holding it with the head downward and,
while in this position, sharply striking the back with each cough.
Striking the chest when in this position may effect the same purpose. If
no success follows this procedure try the reverse position. Have the
child bend backward over the arm of a sofa, for example, or put him in
bed with the body hanging out of the bed face upward. If none of these
effect relief you must depend upon the skill of the physician.

A Bruise or Contusion.--A bruise or contusion is an injury to the
tissues underneath the skin, but this does not imply that the skin
itself is opened or damaged. In every bruise the small blood vessels are
ruptured, and the blood collects in the tissues causing distention,
swelling and pain. The blood is held in the tissues, it is stagnant,
becomes dark in color and so produces the bluish discoloration that we
see in all bruises. The color varies according to the extent of the
collected blood. At first it is red and inflamed looking, then purple,
then black, then greenish and finally citron. The so-called "black-eye"
is a typical example of this degree of bruise. After a bruise the parts
swell from the collection of blood and from the accompanying
inflammation. This causes pain which persists for a day although the
spot may be sore and tender for a week or more.

In all mild varieties home remedies may suffice, but in the more serious
and extensive bruises it is advisable to seek medical assistance. It is
essential to completely put the part to rest and to elevate it. This
will relieve the pain and favor the absorption of the exuded blood. If
the bruise is on the foot, the leg should be elevated until the foot is
higher than the hip. If, on t