her may know what to do in emergency but not with the
intention that she may regard her knowledge as sufficient to dispense
with the aid of the physician.

Arrest of Hemorrhage.--When there is a wound there is always bleeding;
this means that some blood vessels have been cut or torn open allowing
blood to escape. The character of the hemorrhage will determine the
nature of the treatment to be employed. On general principles, the first
thing to do in the presence of bleeding is to elevate the part, if that
is possible. If there is simply a general oozing of blood, it may be
controlled and arrested by pressure. This pressure should be steady and
prolonged. It is best accomplished by wetting a clean handkerchief or a
pad of gauze in ice cold water, placing this on the part and binding it
on firmly with a bandage.

If the discharge of blood flows in a steady stream and is rather dark
the hemorrhage is coming from a vein. We know that veins carry blood
toward the heart so that any pressure or constriction employed to stop a
venous hemorrhage should be tied on the side of the wound further
removed from the heart. Inasmuch as veins have soft walls the right kind
of pressure will in most instances stop the bleeding. The part should be
elevated after the pad is adjusted in place. Any tight band on the limb
as a garter or sleeve band should be removed as they tend to interrupt
the return circulation.

If the hemorrhage is from an artery the blood is bright red. It spurts
out forcibly, is difficult to control and demands immediate attention.
Arteries carry the blood from the heart to the extremities. They beat
with every pulsation of the heart so that blood coming from an artery
spurts with every pulse beat. Even a small artery may be responsible for
a very considerable hemorrhage in a very short time. Whatever is done
must be done quickly. The parts should be freed from all clothing and if
possible elevated. Pressure may be tried, if it succeeds it must be
strong and steady pressure. The point to press must be on the heart side
of the bleeding artery since the blood stream is coming that way--this
the mother will note is the reverse from treating bleeding from a vein
as previously explained. The artery at this point may be felt beating.
It is frequently necessary to clamp the whole limb to stop an arterial
hemorrhage. This may be done in the following manner. Take a strong
piece of cloth or bandage and tie above the bleeding po