quantities of lime without interfering with its fertilizing value, and
in this way the development of the eggs laid in it by the flies can be
practically prevented. The floors of stables should be thoroughly
flushed with water at least once in every twenty-four hours.

Privy Vaults.--Human excrement also affords an excellent breeding
place for flies. In army camps the latrines are the points from which
much infection is transmitted to troops, and thousands of the men have
lost their lives by contracting typhoid fever transmitted in this
manner. During the summer time all open vaults and dry closets should be
treated continuously with lime, crude creolin or crude carbolic acid,
and they should be carefully cleaned out at frequent intervals.

Garbage.--As a medium for the development of flies, garbage may be
considered next in importance to excreta. The eggs of the fly hatch in
about twenty-four hours, and garbage which is retained in the kitchen
for that length of time may contain flies in the grub stage. To prevent
this development, all garbage should be covered and pails should be
emptied as often as possible. In country districts garbage should be
burned in the kitchen or buried in the garden at frequent intervals,
twenty-four hours being the maximum time it should be retained.

Vacant Lots.--Vacant lots frequently contain appreciable quantities of
organic matter in a state of decomposition, affording favorable breeding
places for flies. These vacant areas should be maintained in a state of
scrupulous cleanliness.

Foodstuffs.--In order to prevent contamination of foodstuffs, all
foods that are eaten in the raw state and all foods that are exposed for
sale after having been cooked should be carefully protected from contact
with flies, by screens or covers.

A point where rapid development of flies takes place is along the city's
water front. This is due to the fact that many of the sewers do not
discharge below the level of the water. All open drains should be
eliminated, whether they be sewers, private house drains or drains from
cess-pools.

Precautions to be Observed.--Keep the house free from flies. Every fly
should be considered a possible disease carrier and should be destroyed.

Keep the windows of the house, especially the kitchen windows,
carefully screened during the spring, summer and autumn.

Protect children from exposure to flies, particularly children who are
ill, and do not allow nursing bottl