he hand, it should be so held that it will
be higher than the elbow and it may frequently be held higher than the
shoulder to relieve the throbbing and the pain.

As a rule, cold should be applied as soon after the injury as possible,
cloths wrung out of ice water, or a piece of ice may be bound on the
part for a short time. The object of the cold is to stop the internal
bleeding. If the injury is slight, as are most of the injuries of the
household, the mother may apply repeated cloths wrung out of very hot
water. This procedure tends to aid the immediate absorption of the blood
and prevents a discoloration of the part. If there is great pain relief
may be afforded by applying a firm bandage saturated in the lead-water
and laudanum mixture which may be obtained in the drug store under the
name of lead and opium wash. The bruised part should be massaged every
day and a simple ointment may be applied to soften the inflamed area.

If any complication arises in the treatment of a bruise, it will be
necessary to consult a physician.

Wounds.--A wound implies an injury to the skin in addition to injury
to the underlying parts to a lesser or greater extent. The skin may be
opened by cutting, or stabbing wounds; or it may be punctured, torn,
contused, or bruised open. These injuries are effected in various ways.
We speak of machinery or mechanical wounds, or gunshot wounds, bites,
cuts, stabs and other varieties of wounds.

It is very important to know exactly how a wound is produced and the
nature of the instrument which opened the skin. We try to obtain this
information in order to estimate the probable degree of poison that may
or may not have entered into the wound.

The first thing to do in treating wounds is to stop the bleeding. If the
patient is suffering from shock he should be given active treatment for
this condition as described elsewhere. If the wound contains any foreign
bodies these should be removed. The wound should then be cleansed,
closed and dressed and kept at rest. If the wound is poisoned, or if
there is any fear that lockjaw may arise, or if the wound has been
caused by a mad dog it will require special treatment.

It is far better not to interfere if you do not know what to do than to
do harm. One should offer no advice if they are not qualified to give
advice. Much harm has resulted from doing the wrong thing in these
cases. The instruction in the following pages is given so that the
average mot