a comprehensive knowledge of language for the expression of whatever
had become or was becoming an object of his consciousness, in
consequence either of the spontaneous impulse of his own nature, or of
the assistance of tuition."

6. The mother is the natural educator of the child in its early years.
"Maternal love is the first agent in education; ... through it the child
is led to love and trust his Creator and his Redeemer." It follows,
therefore, that mothers should be educated.

7. He illustrated his principles in his methods of instruction. He
employed the phonic method in spelling;[147] made use of objects in
teaching number; graded the work according to the capacity of the
children; taught drawing, language, composition, etc., by use, thus
illustrating one of the aphorisms of Comenius,--"_We learn to do by
doing_."

8. But the greatest lesson that Pestalozzi taught is embodied in the
word _love_. He loved little children, he loved the distressed and
lowly, he loved all his fellow-men. By the spirit which actuated him, by
the methods of instruction employed, by a life of disappointment and
apparent failure, by the appreciation of his service after he had gone
to his rest, by the accelerated growth of his teachings throughout the
world, he more closely resembles the Great Teacher than any other man
that has ever lived. Dr. Harris says, "He is the first teacher to
announce convincingly the doctrine that all people should be
educated,--that, in fact, education is the one good gift to give to all,
whether rich or poor."[148] Hence there is no character in educational
history more worthy of study and more inspiring to the teacher than
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi.

FOOTNOTES:

[133] In regard to the criticisms made against him at Burgdorf,
Pestalozzi says: "It was whispered that I myself could not write, nor
work accounts, nor even read properly. Popular reports are not always
entirely wrong. It is true I could not write, nor read, nor work
accounts well."

[134] "Life, Work, and Influence of Pestalozzi," p. 17.

[135] Both Quick and Kruesi give this letter in full.

[136] "Schoolmaster in Literature," pp. 83-110.

[137] See Kruesi, p. 28, for an account of his appointment.

[138] "Pestalozzi," p. 36.

[139] "Encyklopaedisches Handbuch der Paedagogik," Vol. V, p. 315.

[140] "Encyklopaedisches Handbuch," Vol. V, p. 319.

[141] Kruesi, whose father was associated with Pestalozzi, gives a full
account of