test work for mankind
was the _Institutions_ mentioned above, we must notice one field of his
activity that is of especial importance to us,--that of the training of
teachers. We have seen that, on account of the scarcity of funds, he was
obliged to rely upon students to do the work of instructing the children
committed to his care. The young theologians made use of this
opportunity as a stepping-stone to their future calling, the ministry,
and Francke, perceiving this, sought to secure the most pious and gifted
among his theological students for this work. He also established a
pedagogical class (_Pedagogium_). After two years' membership therein,
the student was allowed to teach provided he pledged himself to devote
three years to teaching in the schools. This class met once a week for
criticism and discussion under the leadership of the inspector of the
school, and the various inspectors met Francke every evening for further
instruction. The results soon attracted widespread notice, and created a
great demand for Francke's teachers. Although this was very crude
pedagogical training, it may be regarded as the inception of the normal
school, which has now come to be an essential part of every educational
system.

=The Real-school.=--A third service is credited by many to Francke,
namely, the founding of the _Real-school_[120] of Germany. The best
authorities give that credit to Professor Erhard Weigel of Jena. Whether
or not the idea originated with Francke, he was ready to accept the
necessity of such a change, and founded schools for higher learning in
which Greek and Latin were not required, and in which more attention was
given to modern languages and science.

FOOTNOTES:

[116] Rein's "Encyklopaedisches Handbuch," Vol. II, p. 336.

[117] The _Privat Docent_ is the first step in the professor's career in
the German university. He is allowed to lecture in the university, but
receives no pay except fees from the students who hear him.

[118] K. Schmidt, "Geschichte der Paedagogik," Vol. III, p. 462.

[119] See Rein, "Encyklopaedisches Handbuch," Vol. II, p. 348.

[120] The _Real-school_ is the great rival of the _Gymnasium_ in
Germany. The latter is the old established school which bases culture on
the _Humanities_,--the classic languages, and literature. The
_Real-school_ is more modern and gives greater attention to the
_Realities_,--to things of practical utility. Precedence is given to the
modern language