d laid
the foundations on which modern education is built.

FOOTNOTES:

[86] For special reference see Macaulay's "Essays," Vols. II and III.

[87] "Essays," Vol. III, p. 354.

[88] _Ibid._, Vol. III, p. 368.

[89] For a full description of his trial consult Macaulay's "Essays."
Also his biographer, Montagu, whose judgment of Bacon is much milder
than Macaulay's.

[90] "Essays," Vol. III, p. 459.

[91] _Ibid._, Vol. III, p. 470.

[92] Also Rateke, Radtke, and Ratich. Paulsen pronounces the last "an
abominable mutilation of Latinization."

[93] "History of Modern Education," p. 141.

[94] Quick, "Educational Reformers," p. 51.

[95] "Educational Reformers," p. 53.

[96] Especial attention is called to Laurie's "Life of Comenius," and
Monroe's "Comenius." For other works, see Appendix of Bardeen's edition
of Laurie's "Comenius."

[97] Laurie, "Life of Comenius," p. 14.

[98] Preface to the "Prodromus."

[99] Raumer, "Geschichte der Paedagogik."

[100] "Educational Reformers," p. 73.

[101] "History of Modern Education," p. 151.

[102] "History of Pedagogy," p. 122.

[103] See "Orbis Pictus," edited and published by C. W. Bardeen,
Syracuse, N.Y.

[104] Laurie's "Life and Works of Comenius," p. 77.

[105] _Ibid._, p. 105.

[106] For full discussion of the pedagogical principles of Comenius, see
Professor Laurie's great work.

[107] "Educational Reformers," p. 59.

[108] "Tractate," p. 3.

[109] See Fowler's "Locke." Also Quick, Compayre, and Williams.

[110] "History of Modern Education," p. 181.

[111] "History of Pedagogy," p. 165.

[112] "Schoolmaster in Comedy and Satire," pp. 73-100.

[113] Especial reference is made to Brother Azarias, "Essays
Educational."

[114] "History of Pedagogy," p. 276.

[115] "Essays Educational," p. 238.

CHAPTER XXXIV

AUGUST HERMANN FRANCKE AND THE PIETISTS (1663-1727)

=Literature.=--_Rein_, Encyklopaedisches Handbuch; _Strack_, Geschichte
des Volkschulwesens; _Dyer_, Modern Europe; _Rein_, Am Ende der
Schulreform? _Russell_, German Higher Schools.

PIETISM

Pietism is the name of a movement in Germany which sought to revive
spiritual life in the Lutheran Church. In that church, religion had
become purely a matter of intellect, instead of heart. Cold formality
and adherence to the letter, rather than the spirit, had taken
possession of the Protestant Church. Like the Jansenists in France, who
had a similar purpose with reference t