endent
on the senses, we must, as far as possible, address our instruction to
the senses, and cause it to reach the mind, not only through hearing,
but also through seeing." This appears to be the first instance in which
_object teaching_ was taught as a principle, a principle which Bacon,
Comenius, Pestalozzi, and Froebel worked out, and which has been one of
the most important factors of modern educational progress.

FOOTNOTES:

[63] "Jesuit Education," p. 77.

[64] See Hughes, "Loyola," pp. 46, 113, 156, 282. Also Schwickerath,
"Jesuit Education," p. 415.

[65] "Jesuit Education," p. 105. See also Hughes, "Loyola," pp. 4, 14,
43, 46, 68, 72, 82, and 86 (lines 12-23).

[66] See Hughes, "Loyola," pp. 72, 151.

[67] "Educational Reformers" p. 26.

[68] K. Schmidt, Vol. III, p. 230.

[69] "Educational Reformers," p. 34.

[70] See Hughes, "Loyola," p. 141, for full description of this work and
outline of the course. Also Schwickerath, "Jesuit Education," p. 191.

[71] See Hughes, "Loyola," p. 511.

[72] "Educational Reformers," p. 35.

CHAPTER XXXI

OTHER EDUCATORS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

=Literature.=--_H. M. Skinner_, The Schoolmaster in Literature, The
Schoolmaster in Comedy and Satire; _Gill_, Systems of Education;
_Quick_, Educational Reformers; _Williams_, History of Modern Education;
_Besant_, Rabelais; _Monroe_, Educational Ideal; _Collins_, Montaigne;
_Emerson_, Representative Men; _Vogel_, Geschichte der Paedagogik;
_Carlisle_, Two Great Teachers (Ascham and Arnold); _Azarias_, Essays
Educational; _Davidson_, History of Education.

We have thus far discussed educators who were directly connected with
the great Protestant and Catholic movements. There were others who were
more or less independent of these movements. Among these we may mention
Roger Ascham, Rabelais, and Montaigne.

ASCHAM (1515-1568)

Roger Ascham was the most celebrated English educator of the sixteenth
century. He was educated at Cambridge, and studied three years in
Germany. He had a thorough knowledge of the classic languages. For these
reasons he was chosen tutor to Elizabeth, a position which he held for
two years. Upon her accession to the throne, Ascham came to read with
her several hours a day, and she retained her affection for her old
teacher throughout his life.

His chief literary work is his "Scholemaster," which is the first
educational classic in English. Dr. Johnson says of this book, "It
cont