, incidentally
produced by dynamic similarity, just as syncryptic resemblance is
produced by static similarity.

_Use of Colour for Warning and Signalling, or Sematic Coloration._--The
use of colour for the purpose of warning is the exact opposite of the
one which has been just described, its object being to render the animal
conspicuous to its enemies, so that it can be easily seen, well
remembered, and avoided in future. Warning colours are associated with
some quality or weapon which renders the possessor unpleasant or
dangerous, such as unpalatability, an evil odour, a sting, the
poison-fang, &c. The object being to warn an enemy off, these colours
are also called _aposematic_. Recognition markings, on the other hand,
are _episematic_, assisting the individuals of the same species to keep
together when their safety depends upon numbers, or easily to follow
each other to a place of safety, the young and inexperienced benefiting
by the example of the older. Episematic characters are far less common
than aposematic, and these than cryptic; although, as regards the latter
comparison, the opposite impression is generally produced from the very
fact that concealment is so successfully attained. Warning or aposematic
colours, together with the qualities they indicate, depend, as a rule,
for their very existence upon the abundance of palatable food supplied
by the animals with cryptic colouring. Unpalatability, or even the
possession of a sting, is not sufficient defence unless there is enough
food of another kind to be obtained at the same time and place (Poulton,
_Proc. Zool. Soc._, 1887, p. 191). Hence insects with warning colours
are not seen in temperate countries except at the time when insect life
as a whole is most abundant; and in warmer countries, with well-marked
wet and dry seasons, it will probably be found that warning colours are
proportionately less developed in the latter. In many species of African
butterflies belonging to the genus _Junonia_ (including _Precis_) the
wet-season broods are distinguished by the more or less conspicuous
under sides of the wings, those of the dry season being highly cryptic.
Warning colours are, like cryptic, assisted by special adaptations of
the body-form, and especially by movements which assist to render the
colour as conspicuous as possible. On this account animals with warning
colours generally move or fly slowly, and it is the rule in butterflies
that the warning patter