olumbia is served by the Wabash and the Missouri, Kansas & Texas
railways. It is primarily an educational centre, is a market for grain
and farm products, and has grain elevators, a packing house, a shoe
factory and brick works. Columbia is the seat of the University of
Missouri, a coeducational state institution, established in 1839 and
opened in 1841; it received no direct financial support from the state
until 1867, and its founding was due to the self-sacrifice of the people
of the county. It is now liberally supported by the state; in 1908 its
annual income was about $650,000. In 1908 the university had (at
Columbia) 200 instructors and 2419 students, including 680 women;
included in its library is the collection of the State Historical
Society. The School of Mines of the university is at Rolla, Mo.; all
other departments are at Columbia. A normal department was established
in 1867 and opened in 1868; and women were admitted to it in 1869. The
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts became a department of the
university in 1870. The law department was opened in 1872, the medical
in 1873, and the engineering in 1877. The graduate department was
established in 1896, and in 1908 a department of journalism was
organized. On the university campus in the quadrangle is the monument of
grey granite erected over the grave of Thomas Jefferson, designed after
his own plans, and bearing the famous inscription written by him. It was
given to the university by descendants of Jefferson when Congress
appropriated money for the monument now standing over his grave. Near
the city is the farm of the agricultural college and the experiment
station. At Columbia, also, are the Parker Memorial hospital, the
Teachers College high school, the University Military Academy, the
Columbia Business College, Christian College (Disciples) for women,
established in 1851, its charter being the first granted by Missouri for
the collegiate education of Protestant women; the Bible College of the
Disciples of Christ in Missouri; and Stephens College (under Baptist
control) for women, established in 1856. The municipality owns the
water-works and the electric lighting plant. Columbia was first settled
about 1821.

COLUMBIA, a borough of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., on the W.
bank of the Susquehanna river (here crossed by a long steel bridge),
opposite Wrightsville and about 81 m. W. by N. of Philadelphia. Pop.
(1890) 10,599; (1900) 12,3