e some Latin poems, prove him a man of learning, and he
appears to have been acquainted not only with the Latin classics, but
also with Greek, and even Hebrew.

The collected edition of St Columban's writings was published by
Patrick Fleming in his _Collectanea sacra Hiberni_ (Louvain, 1667),
and reproduced by Migne, p. 4, vol. lxxxvi. (Paris, 1844). See
further, Wright's _Biographia Literaria_. Columban's _Regula
Coenobitalis cum Poenitenliali_ is to be found in the _Codex
Regularum_ (Paris, 1638). A complete bibliography is given in U.
Chevallier, _Repertoire des sources hist_. (Bio. Bibliogr.), vol. i.
990 (Paris, 1905).

COLUMBANI, PLACIDO, Italian architectural designer, who worked chiefly
in England in the latter part of the 18th century. He belonged to the
school of the Adams and Pergolesi, and like them frequently designed the
enrichments of furniture. He was a prolific producer of chimney-pieces,
which are often mistaken for Adam work, of moulded friezes, and painted
plaques for cabinets and the like. There can be no question that the
English furniture designers of the end of the 18th century, and
especially the Adams, Hepplewhite and Sheraton, owed much to his
graceful, flowing and classical conceptions, although they are often
inferior to those of Pergolesi. His books are still a valuable
store-house of sketches for internal architectural decoration. His
principal works are:--_Vases and Tripods_ (1770); _A New Book of
Ornaments, containing a variety of elegant designs for Modern Panels,
commonly executed in Stucco, Wood or Painting, and used in decorating
Principal Rooms_ (1775); _A variety of Capitals, Friezes and Corniches,
and how to increase and decrease them, still retaining their
proportions_ (1776). He also assisted John Crunden in the production of
_The Chimneypiece Makers' Daily Assistant_ (1776).

COLUMBARIUM (Lat. _columba_, a dove), a pigeon-house. The term is
applied in architecture to those sepulchral chambers in and near Rome,
the walls of which were sunk with small niches (_columbaria_) to receive
the cinerary urns. Vitruvius (iv. 2) employs the term to signify the
holes made in a wall to receive the ends of the timbers of a floor or
roof.

COLUMBIA, a city and the county-seat of Boone county, Missouri, U.S.A.,
situated in the central part of the state, about 145 m. (by rail) W.N.W.
of St Louis. Pop. (1890) 4000; (1900) 5651 (1916 negroes); (1910) 9662.
C