had departments of arts, science, pedagogy and law, an
enrolment of 285 students, and a faculty of 25 instructors. By means of
a canal abundant water power is furnished by the Congaree, and the city
has some of the largest cotton mills in the world; it has, besides,
foundries and machine shops and manufactories of fertilizers and
hosiery. The manufactures under the factory system were valued at
$3,133,903 in 1900 and at $4,676,944 in 1905--a gain, greater than that
of any other city in the state, of 49.2% in five years. In the
neighbourhood are several valuable granite quarries. The municipality
owns and operates its water-works.

While much of the site was still a forest the legislature, in 1786,
chose it for the new capital. It was laid out in the same year, and in
1790 the legislature first met here. Until 1805, when it was
incorporated as a village, Columbia was under the direct government of
the legislature; in 1854 it was chartered as a city. On the morning of
the 17th of February 1865 General W. T. Sherman, on his march through
the Carolinas, entered Columbia, and on the ensuing night a fire broke
out which was not extinguished until most of the city was destroyed. The
responsibility for this fire was charged by the Confederates upon the
Federals and by the Federals upon the Confederates.

COLUMBIA, a city and the county-seat of Maury county, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
situated on the Duck river, in the central part of the state, 46 m. S.
of Nashville. Pop. (1890) 5370; (1900) 6052 (2716 negroes); (1910) 5754.
Columbia is served by the Louisville & Nashville, and the Nashville,
Chattanooga & St Louis railways. It is the seat of the Columbia
Institute for girls (under Protestant Episcopal control), founded in
1836, and of the Columbia Military Academy. Columbia is in a fine
farming region; is engaged extensively in the mining and shipping of
phosphates; has an important trade in live-stock, especially mules;
manufactures cotton, lumber, flour, bricks, pumps and woollen goods; and
has marble and stone works. Columbia was settled about 1807 and was
incorporated in 1822. During the Civil War it was the base from which
General N. B. Forrest operated in 1862-1863, and was alternately
occupied by Confederate and Federal forces during General Hood's
Nashville campaign (November-December 1864).

COLUMBIA RIVER, a stream of the north-west United States and south-west
Canada, about 939 m. in length, draining a basin o