and the majority of naturalists have followed this
convenient arrangement. In cryptic resemblance an animal resembles some
object of no interest to its enemy (or prey), and in so doing is
concealed; in mimicry an animal resembles some other animal which is
specially disliked by its enemy, or some object which is specially
attractive to its prey, and in so doing becomes conspicuous. Some
naturalists have considered mimicry to include all superficial
likenesses between animals, but such a classification would group
together resemblances which have widely different uses. (1) The
resemblance of a mollusc to the coral on which it lives, or an external
parasite to the hair or skin of its host, would be _procryptic_; (2)
that between moths which resemble lichen, _syncryptic_; (3) between
distasteful insects, _synaposematic_; (4) between the Insectivor mole
and the Rodent mole-rat, _syntechnic_; (5) the essential element in
mimicry is that it is a false warning (pseud-aposematic) or false
recognition (pseud-episematic) character. Some have considered that
mimicry indicates resemblance to a moving object; but apart from the
non-mimetic likenesses between animals classified above, there are
ordinary cryptic resemblances to drifting leaves, swaying bits of twig,
&c., while truly mimetic resemblances are often specially adapted for
the attitude of rest. Many use the term mimicry to include synaposematic
as well as pseudo-sematic resemblances, calling the former "Mullerian,"
the latter "Batesian," mimicry. The objection to this grouping is that
it takes little account of the deceptive element which is essential in
mimicry. In synaposematic colouring the warning is genuine, in
pseud-aposematic it is a sham. The term mimicry has led to much
misunderstanding from the fact that in ordinary speech it implies
deliberate imitation. The production of mimicry in an individual animal
has no more to do with consciousness or "taking thought" than any of the
other processes of growth. Protective mimicry is here defined as an
advantageous and superficial resemblance of one animal to another, which
latter is specially defended so as to be disliked or feared by the
majority of enemies of the groups to which both belong--a resemblance
which appeals to the sense of sight, sometimes to that of hearing, and
rarely to smell, but does not extend to deep-seated characters except
when the superficial likeness is affected by them. _Mutatis mutandis_
this def