siderable quantities
of _robusta_ grades were sold in the United States before 1912, but
trading in them fell off when the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange
prohibited their delivery on Exchange contracts after March 1, 1912.

All coffees used in the United States are divided into two general
groups, Brazils and Milds. Brazils comprise those coffees grown in Sao
Paulo, Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Victoria, and other
Brazilian states. The Milds include all coffees grown elsewhere. In 1921
Brazils made up about three-fourths of the world's total consumption.
They are regarded by American traders as the "price" coffees, while
Milds are considered as the "quality" grades.

Brazil coffees are classified into four great groups, which bear the
names of the ports through which they are exported; Santos, Rio,
Victoria, and Bahia. Santos coffee is grown principally in the state of
Sao Paulo; Rio, in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the state of Minas
Geraes; Victoria, in the state of Espirito Santo; and Bahia in the state
of Bahia. All of these groups are further subdivided according to their
bean characteristics and the districts in which they are produced.

_Brazil Coffee Characteristics_

SANTOS. Santos coffees, considered as a whole, have the distinction of
being the best grown in Brazil. Rios rank next, Victorias coming third
in favor, and Bahias fourth. Of the Santos growths the best is that
known in the trade as Bourbon, produced by trees grown from Mocha seed
(_Coffea arabica_) brought originally from the French island colony of
Bourbon (now Reunion) in the Indian Ocean. The true Bourbon is obtained
from the first few crops of Mocha seed. After the third or fourth year
of bearing, the fruit gradually changes in form, yielding in the sixth
year the flat-shaped beans which are sold under the trade name of Flat
Bean Santos. By that time, the coffee has lost most of its Bourbon
characteristics. The true Bourbon of the first and second crops is a
small bean, and resembles the Mocha, but makes a much handsomer roast
with fewer "quakers". The Bourbons grown in the Campinas district often
have a red center.

[Illustration: _Coffee Map of Brazil_

_Showing the Principal Coffee-Producing States and Shipping Ports_

Copyright 1922 by The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Co.]

As regards flavor, a good Bourbon Santos is considered the best coffee
for its price, and is the most satisfactory low-cost blending coffee to