orro & Co.); A & C (A.
Angel & Co.); E C S Medellin Excelso (Eppens, Smith Co.); Balzacbro
Medellin Excelso (Balzac Bros.); La Rambla (Banco Lopez); and Don Carlos
Medellin Excelso (Steinwender, Stoffregen & Co.).

Caracas marks show J P P & H (Juan Pablo Perez & Sons); HLB & C (H.L.
Boulton & Co.); FST & C (Filipe S. Toledo & Co.); JLG (J.L. Garrondona);
and many others. Kolster (Kolster & Co.) is a well known Puerto Cabello
mark.

Maracaibos bear numerous marks, chief among which are: M & C (Menda &
Co.); Cogollo (Cogollo & Co.); Fossi (Fossi & Co.); B M & C (Breur.
Moller & Co.); B & C (Blohm & Co.); FST & C (Filipe S. Toledo & Co.); V
D R & C (Van Dessel, Rodo & Co.); and J E C & C over R G E (J.E. Carret
& Co.).

A prominent Mexican mark is P A N (Rafael del Castillo & Co.).

Brazil coffee is usually marked merely with the initials of the firm or
bank financing the shipment. Some representative Brazilian marks are:
Aronco (in rectangle) Brazil; J A & Co (in rectangle) Brazil Rosebud; J
A & Co (in rectangle) Brazil Bourbona--all used by J. Aron & Company; S
S C (in circle) Rio; S S C (in triangle) Santos; both used by
Steinwender, Stoffregen & Co.; Sions M/M Bourbns (Sion & Co.); and
Nossack V S S C (in swastika), used by Nossack & Co.

There are hundreds of other marks. In most countries they change so
often that one rarely stands out above the rest.

[Illustration]

CHAPTER XXIV

GREEN AND ROASTED COFFEE CHARACTERISTICS

_The trade values, bean characteristics, and cup merits of the
leading coffees of commerce, with a "Complete Reference Table of
the Principal Kinds of Coffee Grown in the World"--Appearance,
aroma, and flavor in cup-testing--How experts test coffee--A
typical sample-roasting and cup-testing outfit_

More than a hundred different kinds of coffee are bought and sold in the
United States. All of them belong to the same botanical genus, and
practically all to the same species, the _Coffea arabica_; but each has
distinguishing characteristics which determine its commercial value in
the eyes of the importers, roasters, and distributers.

The American trade deals almost exclusively in _Coffea arabica_,
although in the latter years of the World War increasing quantities of
_robusta_ and _liberica_ growths were imported, largely because of the
scarcity of Brazilian stocks and the improvement in the preparation
methods, especially in the case of _robustas_. Con