nt participle?--What does a perfect participle denote?--With what
does the perfect participle of a regular verb correspond?--What is a
compound participle?--From what word is the term participle
derived?--Why is this part of speech thus named?--Wherein does this part
of speech partake of the nature of a verb?--Do all participles
participate the properties of adjectives?--In what respect?--When are
participles called _participial adjectives_?--Give examples.--How may a
present participle be known?--Repeat the order of parsing a
participle.--What rule applies in parsing a _present_ participle?--What
Rule in parsing a participial adjective?--Do participles vary in their
terminations in order to agree with their subject or actor?--What Rule
applies in parsing a noun in the _objective case_, governed by a
participle?--Do participles ever become nouns?--Give examples.

* * * * *

PHILOSOPHICAL NOTES.

Participles are formed by adding to the verb the termination _ing,
ed_, or _en_. _Ing_ signifies the same as the noun _being_. When
postfixed to the noun-state of the verb, the compound word thus
formed, expresses a continued state of the verbal denotement. It
implies that what is meant by the verb, is _being_ continued. _En_
is an alteration of _an_, the Saxon verbalizing adjunct; _ed_ is a
contraction of _dede_; and the terminations _d_ and _t_, are a
contraction of _ed_. Participles ending in _ed_ or _en_, usually
denote the _dodo, dede, doed, did, done_, or _finished_ state of
what is meant by the verb. The book is _printed_. It is a _print-ed_
or _print-done_ book, or such a one as the _done_ act of _printing_
has made it. The book is _written_; i.e. it has received the _done_
or _finish-ed_ act of _writ-ing_ it.

Participles bear the same relation to verbs, that adnouns do to
nouns. They might, therefore, be styled _verbal adjectives_. But
that theory which ranks them with adnouns, appears to rest on a
sandy foundation. In classifying words, we ought to be guided more
by their _manner_ of meaning, and their _inferential_ meaning, than
by their primitive, essential signification. "I have a _broken_
plate;" i.e. I have a plate--_broken_; "I have _broken_ a plate." If
there is no difference in the _essential_ meaning of the word
_broken_, in these two constructions, it cannot be denied, that
there is